Download Classification File - Galena Park ISD Moodle

Day 1
What You’ll Learn
1.
Organisms are living things.
2. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
3.
There are two main types of cells: Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic
So, what is a cell?
• A cell is the basic
unit and structure of
life.
• They make up all
living things.
Cells
• Perform the activities
that keep a living
thing alive.
• The cell itself is a
living thing.
• Cells can make more
cells like themselves.
Cells come in all shapes and sizes.
Cells are very tiny.
Can you guess what these images are?
1
2
What type of lab
equipment would
allow you to see
these things?
3
4
5
A special type of
microscope called
a scanning electron
microscope (SEM).
So, how were cells
discovered?
The History of the Cell Theory
Long ago people thought that diseases were caused by
What
invention
was
spirits
and curses!
Scientists
now
most
in
knowimportant
what causes
disproving
disease. Dothis
you?
idea?
Microorganisms
Microscopes!
They
such as bacteria,
allow
you
to
see
viruses, fungi, and
cells
that
were
once
protists.
unknown!
The Scientists
1.Anton van Leeuwenhoek –
a)1st person to record
looking at water under a
simple microscope
b)1st to look at living cells
c) Invented over 200
microscopes during the 1700’s
Anton von Leewenhoek
Anton von
Leewenhoek
Leeuwenhoek’s
microscope
Described algae like
this Spirogyra in his
journals.
The Scientists
2. Robert Hooke
Invented 1st compound
microscope in 1665.
The compound microscope had
very crude lenses that
magnified objects
Looked at cork and called
these “cells”
Cells are the basic building blocks of
all living things.
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke
Hooke’s microscope
Hooke’s drawing of
cork cells
C. The Cell Theory
The cell theory is made up of three main
ideas:
All organisms are composed
of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of
organization of organisms.
All cells come from
preexisting cells.
Let’s take notes.
• Divide a piece of paper in your journal into
two columns.
• Label one side Prokaryotic Cells and the other
Eukaryotic Cells.
• Draw a diagram or paste a diagram of each cell
into the proper column on the page.
• Add key facts
Prokaryotic Cell Diagram
Two Basic Cell Types
A. PROKARYOTIC
1. Unicellular (1 cell)
2. Do not have a true nucleus only a circular piece of
DNA
3. Do not have organelles (have ribosomes)
4. Have a cell wall some surrounded by a slimy capsule
5. Usually move using method of locomotion requiring
flagella or cilia
6. Size = 0.1 μm - 10 μm
7. Found only in the kingdoms Eubacteria and
Archaebacteria
Cells that do not contain internal membrane-bound structures
are called prokaryotic cells.
Click here
Eukaryotic Cell Diagram
Nucleus
Two Basic Cell Types
B. EUKARYOTIC
1.
“Eu-” means true - Have a true
nucleus that contains long strands of
DNA
2. Can be unicellular or multicellular
3. Have double membrane-bound
organelles.
4. Found in more complex and larger
organisms
5. Size = 10 m - 100 m
6. Found in the kingdoms Protist,
Click here
Fungi, Plant, & Animal
Cells containing membrane-bound structures are called
eukaryotic cells.
Day 2
Objectives:
• Compare and Contrast Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Cells
• Identify cell parts common to
eukaryotic cells.
READING IS FUNDAMENTAL!!
There are TWO types of cells!
1.
2.
3.
Read the handout on cell types.
What are the two main types of cells?
Use the Venn diagram to compare/contrast
the two cell.
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
Prokaryoti
c
Eukaryotic
No nuclues
nuclues
cells
unicellular
simple
Unicellular or multicellular
Complex, organelles are present
Bacteria
Plant and animal
Cell Parts
All cells have certain
parts.
membrane
Let’s take notes!
• Your teacher will provide you with a
model of a cell to place in your journal.
• Let’s label the common parts to
eukaryotic cells-plant and animal.
8
Parts of a Cell
Organelles
The membrane-bound structures within
eukaryotic cells
Each has a specific function that contributes to cell
survival.
Separation of organelles into distinct
compartments benefits the eukaryotic cells.
The nucleus is the central membrane-bound organelle that
manages cellular functions.
This eukaryotic cell from an animal has distinct
membrane-bound organelles that allow different parts
of the cell to perform different functions.
1. Nucleus
2. Nucleolus
3. Chromosomes
4. Cell membrane
5. Organelles
Animal Cell Organelles
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Mitochondrion
Cellular Boundaries
1. Cell membrane
Function
– controls what enters/leaves
the cell - selectively
permeable membrane
– maintains homeostasis
(stability)
The cell wall of plants
2. cell wall
Structure
• fairly rigid structure
• located outside the cell
membrane
Function
• provides additional
support and protection.
B. Nucleus and cell control
Located near the center of the cell
Home of the chromosomes,
genetic material
Control center, directs cell
activity
Vacuoles and storage
Vacuoles
Animal
Cell
Structure - membrane-bound sacs
Notice any differences between
vacuoles in plant and animal
cells?
Function
used for temporary storage of
materials like water and
carbohydrates.
Vacuole
Plant
Cell
Chloroplasts and energy (plant cell organelle)
Structure
Outer membrane with stacks of membranes filled
with chlorophyll, the green pigment that gives
leaves and stems their color
Function
Conducts photosynthesis:
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
capture light energy and converts it into food to
store for a later time.
Mitochondria and energy
Structure
Outer membrane with highly folded
inner membrane
Found in both plant and animal cells
Function
Conducts cellular respiration:
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ATP
transforms the stored energy in food
(glucose) into energy for the cell
(ATP).
A prokaryotic cell does not have internal organelles
surrounded by a membrane. Most of a prokaryote’s
metabolism takes place in the cytoplasm.
2. DNA
1. Ribosomes
3. Plasma membrane
4. Cell wall
Let’s Quiz
Question 1
QUIZ
What makes this cell eukaryotic?
A. Because it has a
cell wall.
B. Because it
contains DNA.
C. Because it has
membrane-bound
organelles.
D. Because it does
not have DNA.
Question 1
The Answer is C. Eukaryotic cells contain
membrane-bound organelles that have specific
functions in the cell; prokaryotic cells do not.
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromosomes
Plasma
membrane
Organelles
Question 2
QUIZ
What is the primary function of the cell wall?
A. act as selectively permeable membrane
B. provide support
C. control activity of organelles
D. acquire nutrients from environment
The answer is B. It provides support.
Question 3
What is the function of
structure C?
A It produces ribosomes.
B It synthesizes proteins.
C It regulates the transport
of materials.
D It controls the energy
released in respiration
Question 3
The correct answer is D. The mitochondria
is the powerhouse of the cell. It
transforms energy into a useable form for
the cells.
Question 4
Which structure controls what enters and exits
the cell?
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C chloraplasts
D mitochondria
Question 4
The answer is A. The
cell membrane keeps
unwanted substances
on the outside of the
cell, while holding
needed materials such
as water inside.
Question 5
What type of cell is this?
A prokaryoytic
B eukaryotic
C animal
D plant
Ribosomes
DNA
Plasma
membrane
Cell wall
Question 5
The answer is A. The cell does not have a
nuclueas or membrane bound organelles.
READING IS FUNDAMENTAL!!
Cells have organelles that work to
help the cell function.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Read pages 175-176 in Gateways text book.
What cell parts are found in plants but not animals?
Are animal cells and plant cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells?
Explain.
What are some structural differences between animal cells and
plant cells?
Where can the genetic material be found?
Summary
Main Ideas
• Microscopes enabled biologists to see
cells and develop the cell theory.
• The cell theory states that the cell is the
basic unit of organization, all organisms are
made up of one or more cells, and all cells
come from preexisting cells.
Main Ideas Continued
• Using electron microscopes, scientists can
study cell structure in detail.
• Cells are classified as prokaryotic and
eukaryotic based on whether or not they have
a nucleus.
Main Ideas Continued
• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and
organelles, are enclosed by a cell
membrane, and some have a cell wall that
provides support and protection.
Main Ideas Continued
• Mitochondria break down food molecules to
release energy. Chloroplasts convert light
energy into chemical energy.
Question 1
Which of the following is a main idea of the
cell theory?
A. All organisms are composed of one cell.
B. The organelle is the basic unit structure and
organization of organisms.
C. All cells come from two parent cells.
D. All cells come from preexisting cells.
The answer is D.
The cell theory states
that a cell divides to
form two identical
cells.
Question 2
In what type of cell would you find chlorophyll?
A. prokaryote
B. animal
C. plant
D. fungus
The answer is C.
Chlorophyll is the
green pigment found
in the chloroplasts of
plant cells.
Question 3
Which of these structures is the control
center of the cell?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Answer A depicts the
nuclues.
Question 4
What is the
difference
between the cell
wall and the cell
membrane?
Cell wall
Inside
cell
Outside
cell
Cell
membrane
The cell membrane is a flexible
boundary between the cell and its
environment that controls the
supply of nutrients, waste, and
other products entering and
leaving the cell. The cell wall is
a rigid structure found in plant
cells that provides support and
protection but does not select
which molecules can enter or
leave the cell.
Cell wall
Inside
cell
Outside
cell
Plasma
membrane
Question 5
Which of the following structures is found
in both plant and animal cells?
A. chloroplast
B. cell wall
C. mitochondrion
D. thylakoid membrane
The answer is C.
Mitochondria are the
organelles in both
plant and animal
cells that transform
energy for the cell.