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Honors Biology Review Chapter 4 Test - Cells 40 multiple choice 15 Matching to cell diagrams (animal, plant, prokaryotic) One 10 pt. Extended Response TOTAL 105 points 1. MICROSCOPES: Best microscope to view living organisms under 1000X________________ Best microscope to view surface of dead organisms 1000X to 1,000,000 X______ Best microscope to view internal structures up to 1,000,000 X _______ 2. METRICS: Be able to put correct metric prefixes in order from km to Å Be able to convert metric to metric units (especially smaller ones mm through Å) Example: 5 mm = __________ μm = ____________ nm=___________ 3. CELL FRACTIONATION: What is the purpose of cell fractionation? What are the two major steps? If animal cell components were spun at increasingly faster speeds with a centrifuge, what would be the order of the organelles dropped at slowest, slow, fast, and fastest speeds (ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondrion, vesicles) 4. SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO How does the surface area to volume ratio change as a cell gets larger in volume? Why do cells have limits to how large they can get? 5. PROKARYOTES What differences do prokaryotes have from eukaryotes? DNA location______________________ outer membranes____________ Put the layers around the bacterial cell in order.______________________ Structures that stick (2) to surfaces______________________________ Contain membrane bound organelles like mitochondria? Yes/No_____ What 4 structures do all cells have?_____________________________________ 6. DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES OF STRUCTURES What two structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not?______________ What structure do animal cells have that plant cells do not?__________________ What type of organisms have ribosomes?___________cell membranes?________ Hon Bio Review to Chapt. 4 Test – Cells p. 2 7. DNA In what structure is if found in eukaryotes?________________ How is chromatin related to DNA?______________________ 8. ER-Rough or Smooth? Synthesis of lipids_______ Make sex hormones in vertebrates_____ Makes more membrane_____ Produce proteins found in membranes_____________ Produce secretory proteins like insulin_______ Produce enzymes to detoxify alcohol and drugs in the liver______________ 9. VACUOLES turbidity? How does the size of the water vacuole in plants determine its 10. LYSOSOMES AND PEROXISOMES What type of enzymes do each of these organelles contain? What is the function of each of these organelles? 11. CILIA AND FLAGELLA How do they differ in size and number? What does 9+2 mean? Where do cilia and flagella originate? (HINT: MTOC) 12. GOLGI APPARATUS AND ER Which has channels attached like a maze?_______________ Which acts as a molecular warehouse?__________ Which has cisternae stacked like pita bread?______________ Which repackage proteins?____ What are the cis and trans sides of the Golgi?_____________________________ What are cisternae, cristae, and lumen?_______________________________ 13. CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRION In which cells (animal or plant or both) would you find mitochondria?____________ In which cells (animal or plant or both) would you find chloroplasts?______________ Which has a wavy inner membrane?________________ Stacks?__________________ Which is the powerhouse?________________ site of photosynthesis?______________ Which have their own DNA?_____________________ Which have their own ribosomes?__________________ Honors Biology Review to Chapter 4 p. 3 14. Trace path of protein-what happens at each position: In ROUGH ER by a bound ribosome-______________________________________ How does the protein change as it travels through the RER?___________________ Short chains of sugars added to the polypeptide change it into:_________________ How transported to Golgi/vacuoles/out of cell________________________________ What Golgi does to proteins______________________________________________ Where proteins are stored________________________________________________ 15. ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY What 2 organelles were formerly small prokaryotes that began living in larger cells? ____________________________ and _________________________________ What advantages did this allow cells to now have? 16. CYTOSKELETON What three types of structures make up the cytoskeleton? What is the function of each? How is their structure different? What is the purpose of centrioles? What is the difference between a centriole and a centrosome? Are they in both plants and animals? Which make up cilia and flagella? Which make up actin? 17. What is the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm? 18. PURPOSE OF COVERINGS: (also in which would they be found: prokaryotic, plant, animals) Cell membrane Cell Wall Capsule 19. CELL WALL -is found in what types of cells? -has what two major functions? -why is the cell wall so strong (composition and form) -which layer (primary or secondary) is the composition of wood? Allows the growing cell to enlarge? -where would pectin be located and what is its consistency? -what is the purpose of plasmodesmata? Does plasmodesmata extend through the plasma membrane and cell wall? 20. ECM What does ECM stand for? List 3 things it does: What is it made of? What is the most abundant glycoprotein? What are integrins? What do they do? Honors Biology Review for Chapt. 4 Test p. 4 21. Identify the type of cell junction: Tight, Gap, Anchoring Function like rivets_______________ communicating junctions_________________ Tightly pressed together to form a seal_________ Fasten cells in strong sheets_______ Allow ions to flow in a heart muscle__________ Common in skin_________________ 22. Name two structures that help a prokaryotic cell stick to surfaces? 23. CELL THEORY-cells come from______________________ -living things are made of______________ 24. Contributions of Hooke and Leewenhoek: 25. PLASTIDS In what type of cells would plastids be found? What colors are each of these? Chloroplasts-chromoplasts-leucoplasts EXTENDED RESPONSE: (see pp. 60-61) 10 points Trace the path of a protein through the endomembrane system as it is formed, modified, packaged and secreted out of the cell. Sketch the structures and draw arrows and describe what happens at each location. Describe the path using these words: Golgi apparatus exocytosis rough ER mRNA Transport vesicle amino acids bound ribosomes glycoprotein DNA nuclear envelope plasma membrane