* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Cell Reproduction
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Messenger RNA wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid tertiary structure wikipedia , lookup
Transfer RNA wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding RNA wikipedia , lookup
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
History of RNA biology wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Epitranscriptome wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Name Date Cell Reproduction Section 3 DNA Scan the list below to preview Section 3. • Read all section titles. • Read all bold words. • Look at all illustrations and their labels. • Think about what you already know about DNA. Review Vocabulary Define heredity to show its scientific meaning. heredity the passing of traits from parents to offspring DNA deoxyribonucleic acid; a cell’s heredity material; made up of two strands, each consisting of a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogen bases: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine gene section of DNA that contains instructions for making specific proteins RNA ribonucleic acid; type of nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose, phosphates, and bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil mutation any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell; may be beneficial, harmful, or have little effect on an organism Academic Vocabulary The word code can be used as a noun or as a verb. Write a definition for its use as a noun and as a verb. code Noun: set of signals representing letters or numerals, used to send messages Verb: to put in the form or symbols of a code 46 Cell Reproduction Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New Vocabulary Write the correct vocabulary term next to each definition. Name Date Section 3 DNA (continued) What is DNA? I found this information on page . I found this information on page . Identify the 4 nitrogen bases found in DNA. 1. adenine 3. cytosine 2. guanine 4. thymine Model a section of a DNA molecule, showing its twisted-ladder structure. Label the the nitrogen bases, sugar, and phosphates. Make sure the nitrogen bases in your drawing are correctly paired. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Drawings should show twisted ladder structure, with sides made up of sugar-phosphate molecules and rungs showing nitrogen base pairs. Adenine and thymine should be paired, and guanine and cytosine should be paired. I found this information on page . Summarize how DNA copies itself. The DNA unwinds and separates. Then, new bases pair with the two separated strands. Two identical DNA molecules are produced. Genes I found this information on page . Complete the following paragraph on the relationship of proteins and genes. amino acids Proteins are made up of long chains of Genes determine the in a protein. Changing the makes a different order order of . amino acids of the amino acids protein. Cell Reproduction 47 Name Date (continued) I found this information on page . Complete the table on the 3 main kinds of RNA. Type of RNA I found this information on page . messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the code to make proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome ribosomal RNA (rRNA) type of RNA contained in ribosomes Complete the steps of protein production within a cell. 1. mRNA moves into the cytoplasm. 2. A(n) Have students work in pairs to review the sequence of events in making proteins. Function 3. ribosome tRNA attaches to it. molecules bring amino acids to the ribosomes. mRNA 4. Nitrogen bases on the the nitrogen bases on the temporarily tRNA 5. The same process occurs with another and the next portion of the mRNA 6. The amino acids attached to the two molecules Mutations I found this information on page . bond match . tRNA molecule molecule. tRNA , beginning the formation of a protein. Describe how mutations can affect an organism. Mutations can be harmful. Some cause death. Others appear to have no effect. Still others can be helpful. CONNECT IT A man has a discolored area on the back of his hand. The doctor has assured him it is a harmless body cell mutation. Explain why the mutation probably will not appear in his children. This is a body cell mutation. If the mutation had appeared in an egg or sperm, a child that developed from the sex cell might show the mutation. 48 Cell Reproduction Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Section 3 DNA