Download Advances in Genetics

Advances in Genetics
Advancing Genetics…
• There are three major methods used by people to
develop desirable traits in organisms:
Advancing Genetics…
• There are three major methods used by people to
develop desirable traits in organisms:
▫ Selective breeding
Advancing Genetics…
• There are three major methods used by people to
develop desirable traits in organisms:
▫ Selective breeding
▫ Cloning
Advancing Genetics…
• There are three major methods used by people to
develop desirable traits in organisms:
▫ Selective breeding
▫ Cloning
▫ Genetic engineering
Selective Breeding
• Selective breeding describes the process of
breeding organisms for desired traits.
Selective Breeding
• Selective breeding describes the process of
breeding organisms for desired traits.
• There are two methods of selective breeding:
Selective Breeding
• Selective breeding describes the process of
breeding organisms for desired traits.
• There are two methods of selective breeding:
▫ Inbreeding
▫ Hybridization
Inbreeding & Hybridization
• Inbreeding involves the crossing of individuals
with similar or identical alleles.
Inbreeding & Hybridization
• Inbreeding involves the crossing of individuals
with similar or identical alleles.
▫ Crops
Inbreeding & Hybridization
• Inbreeding involves the crossing of individuals
with similar or identical alleles.
▫ Crops
▫ Domestic Animals
Inbreeding & Hybridization
• Inbreeding involves the crossing of individuals
with similar or identical alleles.
▫ Crops
▫ Domestic Animals
• Hybridization is the crossing of different
individuals with the hopes of getting the best
traits of each.
Inbreeding & Hybridization
• Inbreeding involves the crossing of individuals
with similar or identical alleles.
▫ Crops
▫ Domestic Animals
• Hybridization is the crossing of different
individuals with the hopes of getting the best
traits of each.
▫ Corn – many kernels x insect resistant
Inbreeding & Hybridization
• Inbreeding involves the crossing of individuals
with similar or identical alleles.
▫ Crops
▫ Domestic Animals
• Hybridization is the crossing of different
individuals with the hopes of getting the best
traits of each.
▫ Corn – many kernels x insect resistant
▫ Labradoodle
Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR
•
PCR allows scientists to
make many copies of a
piece of DNA.
1. Heat the DNA so it
“unzips”.
2. Add the complementary
nitrogenous bases.
3. Allow DNA to cool so the
complementary strands
can “zip” together.
Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering, aka: gene splicing, is
when genes from one organism is placed in the
DNA of another organism.
Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering, aka: gene splicing, is
when genes from one organism is placed in the
DNA of another organism.
▫ Bacteria
Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering, aka: gene splicing, is
when genes from one organism is placed in the
DNA of another organism.
▫ Bacteria
▫ Crops
Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering, aka: gene splicing or
recombinant DNA, is when genes from one
organism is placed in the DNA of another
organism.
▫ Bacteria
▫ Crops
▫ Humans to cows (Hemophilia)
Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering, aka: gene splicing or
recombinant DNA, is when genes from one
organism is placed in the DNA of another
organism.
▫
▫
▫
▫
Bacteria
Crops
Humans to cows (Hemophilia)
Gene therapy (Cystic Fibrosis)
Genetic Engineering In Practice: Insulin
Genetic Engineering In Practice: Insulin
Genetic Engineering In Practice: Insulin
Genetic Engineering In Practice: Insulin
Genetic Engineering In Practice: Insulin
How to Create a Genetically
Modified Plant
1.Create recombinant
with desired gene.
bacteria
2. Allow the bacteria to “infect"
the plant cells.
3. Desired gene is inserted into
plant chromosomes.
Gel Electrophoresis/DNA
Fingerprinting
• DNA can be extracted from various parts of the
body.
▫ Hair
▫ Blood
▫ Skin
1.
Steps Involved in Gel
“Cut” DNA sample with
Electrophoresis
restriction enzymes.
2. Run the DNA fragments
through a gel.
3. Bands will form in the
gel.
4. Everyone’s DNA bands
are unique and can be
used to identify a
person.
5. DNA bands are like
“genetic fingerprints”.
DNA Fingerprint
Gel Electrophoresis
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