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Transcript
Nervous System: Part 1 Vocabulary 1. Sensory Input: Gathered information 2. Integration: Processes and interprets the sensory input to make a decision 3. Motor Output: The response 4. Central Nervous System: Consists of the brain and spinal cord, act as the integrating and command center of the nervous system. 5. Peripheral Nervous System: The part of the nervous system outside the CNS, nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord, serve as communication lines. 6. Afferent: Convey impulses to the CNS 7. Efferent: Carries impulses from the CNS 8. Somatic Nervous System: Allows us to consciously, or voluntarily control our skeletal muscles 9. Autonomic Nervous System: Regulates events that are involuntary. 10. Neuroglia: Supporting cells in the CNS 11. Astrocytes: Star-shaped cells, living barrier between capillaries and neurons 12. Microglia: Spider-like cells, dispose of debris 13. Ependymal: Line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord 14. Oligodendrocytes: Produce fatty insulating covers, myelin sheaths 15. Schwann Cells: Supporting cells in the PNS that form myelin sheaths 16. Satellite Cell: Supporting cells in the PNS that protect and cushion cells. 17. Neuron:A nerve cell 18. Cell Body: The metabolic center of the neuron 19. Neurofibrils: intermediate filaments that are important in maintaining cell shape 20. Processes/Fibers: Convey incoming and outgoing messages are extensions from the cell body 21. Dendrites: Convey incoming messages toward the cell body 22. Axon: Conveys outgoing messages away from the cell body 23. Axonal Terminal: terminal end of the axon, containing hundreds of tiny vesicles 24. Neurotransmitter: Chemicals that help to relay the messages 25. Synaptic Cleft: The separation between neurons 26. Myelin: whitish, fatty material that protects and insulates the fibers 27. Myelin Sheath: A tight coil of wrapped membranes encloses the axon 28. Neurilemma: Part of the schwann cell, external to the myelin sheath 29. Nodes of Ranvier: gaps or indentations between the schwann cells 30. Ganglia: Small collection of cell bodies outside of the CNS 31. White Matter: Dense collection of myelinated fibers 32. Gray Matter: contains mostly unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies 33. Polarized: The plasma membrane of a resting inactive neuron 34. Depolarization: The inward rush of sodium ions changing the polarity of the neurons membrane 35. Repolarization: The outflow of positive ions(potassium) from the cell restoring the electrical conditions at the membrane to the polarized state 36. Action potential/ Nerve Impulse: An all-or-none response, propagated over the entire axon 37. Reflex Arc: Neural pathways that reflexes occur over 38. Reflexes: Rapid, predictable and involuntary responses to stimuli 39. Autonomic Reflexes: Regulate the activity of smooth muscles 40. Somatic Reflexes: Include all reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles