* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download handout on genetic nomenclature
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Essential gene wikipedia , lookup
Skewed X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Copy-number variation wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Polymorphism (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of diabetes Type 2 wikipedia , lookup
Pathogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Ridge (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Pharmacogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene desert wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Hardy–Weinberg principle wikipedia , lookup
Gene nomenclature wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Genetic drift wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
7.013 Genetic Nomenclature David Gifford and Megan Rokop Version 1.4 / February 28, 2007 Goals • • • • • • Be simple and consistent Not encode inappropriate information Encompass Mendel’s plant genetics Encompass gene linkage Encompass sex-linked traits Minimize confusing differences with Purvis et. al. Principles • For each area of study, we will endeavor to provide a table of the form: Character “pea shape” Phenotype smooth wrinkled Dominance smooth > wrinkled Genotypes s S, S s, S S ss Allele Abbreviation Full Name of Gene / Allele S SBE1 s Sbe1-1 Nomenclature rules • • • • • • Character: Sentence Phenotype: single word, begins with lower case letter, at least two characters, can be hyphenated. + and – modifiers can be added to further describe a phenotype (e.g. Argcells can not grown on medium without Arg). + and – modifiers are not used on genes or alleles. Gene: single word, begins with upper case letter, at least two characters. An UPPER CASE gene name denotes the wild type form of a gene, or in the case of human, the sequence that is in the human genome database. Allele: Gene suffixed with dash and a numeral, indicating the allele. Allele Shorthand: single character Dominance: binary relationship between related phenotypes of a character. Genotypes • • Unless otherwise specified by the genotype, all of the genes in an organism are assumed to be wild type If there is a non wild type allele, then all of the alleles of that gene are specified. The following two notations are identical: Ss SBE1 Sbe1-1 • Autosomal linked genes are written in their chromosomal order, alleles on homologous chromosomes are separated by a “/”, and the entire linkage group is optionally surrounded by parenthesis. B V/bv (B V / b v) • Sex linked genes are written as superscripts on their respective chromosome in chromosomal order. Parenthesis around the linked genes can be added for clarity. Xy wXY W Xy wY X(y w)X(Y W) X(y w)Y Note that when genes do not appear on a specific sex chromosome they are omitted. • Linked alleles can also drawn on a genetic map: B 17 cm V