Download Unit 4 – Cells Test Review

Unit 4 – Cells Test Review
I.
Cell Theory
A.
The invention of the microscope made it possible to discover cells.
B.
The cell theory states that (1) all living things are made of cells; (2) cells are the basic units of
structure and function in living things; and (3) living cells come only from other living cells.
II.
Structures and Functions of Cells( Know how to label too)
A.
Cell wall gives protection and support to the plant cells.
B.
The cell membrane regulates the movement of materials into & out of the cell.
C.
Nucleus is the control center of the cell
D.
DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, is found in the nucleus and contains the genetic information of the
organism.
E.
RNA, ribonucleic acid, is single stranded and makes a copyof the DNA to take to the ribosomes
for protein synthesis
F.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is the site of the manufacture & transport of proteins.
G.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of the manufacture & transport of lipids.
H.
Ribosomes are the protein-making sites
G.
Mitochondria are the “powerhouse” of the cell.
I.
Vacuoles store food, water, and waste.
J.
Lysosome have a digestive function.
K.
Chloroplast capture the energy from the sun and uses it to make food for the plant cell.
L. The Golgi Apparatus packages the proteins, lipids and carbohydrates for transporation out of the cell.
III. Cell processes
A.
The sum of all the activities that occur in a living cell is called metabolism.
B.
In cellular respiration, energy is released from food with the help of oxygen.
C.
Food, oxygen, water and other materials enter and leave the cell by a process called diffusion.
D.
Water passes through the cell membrane by a type of diffusion called osmosis.
E. Know the defintion of both diffusion and osmosis
F. Eukaryotic Cells have a membrane bound nucleus and organelles
G. Prokaryotic Cells do not have organelles or a nucleus but they do have a nucleoid where their DNA is
stored
H. DNA – deoxyribonuceic acid: double stranded, remians in the nucleus, is copied to make proteins
I. RNA- ribonucleic acid: single stranded, makes a copy of the DNA and takes it to the ribosomes
J. DNA to RNA to Proteins
IVLevels of Organization and Body Systems
o Cells: the basic unit of life
o Tissues: a group of cells working together to perform the same function
o Organ: a group of tissues working together to perform the same function
o System: a group of organs working together to perform the same function
o Organism: made of systems working together to survive
Body Systems
o Know what each of the following systems does to help an organism survive
o Respiratory- brings in oxygen and takes out waste (carbon dioxide)
o Digestive- breaks down food so nutrients can be absorbed
o Skeletal- provides support and protection and stores nutrients
o Muscular- aides in movement, cells contract and relax
o Circulatory- transports nutrients, wastes and oxygen
o Excretory- gets rid of the wastes in an organism
o Reproductive- allows for the organism to reproduce
o Nervous- processes and transports all sensory information, the brain