Download Exercicis danglès 2

REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. List 3 differences between plant and animal cells.
• The plant does photosyntesis and animal not.
• The plant have got chloroplasts and animal not.
• The plant cells have more bigger vacuoles than the animal.
2. What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
• The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers composed of proteins contained within a cells cytoplasm.
3. Explain the Endosymbiotic Theory, give one example, and name the scientist who discovered it.
• Is an evoluationary theory explains the origin of cells prokaryotes. ( Lynn Margulis )
4. Besides the nucleus, list another organelle in an animal cell and 2 organelles from a plant cell that contain
DNA.
• Mitochondria in animal cell and mitochondria and chloroplasts in plant cells.
5. Are there cells in the human body that lack nucleus? If so which ones?
• No all complex organisms are eukaryotes.
6. Explain the Sodium Potassium pump.
• The Sodium Potassium is antiporter-like enzyme located in the pasma membrane of all animal cells.
7. Which processes listed below use energy?
Passive diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
8. We saw plasmolysis occur when salt solution (10% NaCl) was added to the Elodea plant cells. Describe
what happened to the plant cell and explain why.
• The saline solution makes that the elodea loses water and wrinkled. This happends because the saline
solution is hypertonic compared to elodea.
9. Why does active transport require energy from the cell?
• The active transport requires energy from de cell because when the molecules have to cross the cell
membrane from an area of low concentration to other of high concentration causes energy expenditure.
10. What organelles do plants have that animals lack?
• Chloroplasts, cell wall and large central vacuoles.
11. What organelles do animals have the plants lack?
• Chromatin and Golgi couplex.
12. Be able to give the functions for all cell organelles identified in lab.
• Endoplasmic reticulum: there are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: smooth ER and rough ER. This
extensive network makes up approximately one half of all membranous tissue of the cell and is the site of
membrane and protein synthesis.
• Cytoskeleton: makes up the internal framework.
• Nucleus: houses the majority of genetic material of a cell.
• Ribosomes: carry out manual labor in the form of protein synthesis for the nucleus.
• Cell membranes: Cell walls and membranes have similar functions. These membranes also protect the
inner cell from outside forces. Cell walls, as the city analogy implies, are much stronger than cell
membranes and protect cells from lysing in extremely hypotonic solutions.
• Golgi apparatus: shipes those goods created by the ER and ribosomes to the rest of cell.
• Vacuoles and vesicles: they can hold many substances from organic molecules to simple excess water.
Plant cells have a central vacuole that is important in maintaining plant turgidity.
• Cytoplasm: semi-fluid substance found inside the cell. The cytoplasm encases, cushions and protects the
internal organelles.
• Chloroplasts: site of photosynthesis a process in which the plant uses carbon dioxide, water and sunlight
to create energy in the form of glucose for the plant cell as well as heterotrophs that consume the plant.
• Lysosomes: are digestive sacs that can break down macromolecules in the cell using the process of
hydrolysis.
13. Since osmosis is a type of diffusion, water must by moving from an area of lower concentration to an area
of higher concentration.
14. Pure water is hypertonic or isotonic or hypotonic to 0.1M saline solution?
• Pure water is hypotonic in respect to 0.1M saline solution.
15. Explain what happened to the potato when you placed it in the distilled water and in 10% NaCl.
• The potato absorves this water.
• The potato so the potato ejects water.
16. Some white blood cells (phagocytes) use a process called phagocytosis. What is this?
• This is the action of introducing an antigen within the cell envelope it to nourish itself.
17. True or false
1. Lysosomes can be called "suicide sacs" T
2. Red blood cells have a life span of about 500 days F
18. What type of blood cells make up the majority of human blood?
• Red blood cells.
19. Structure bound in membrane packages within a eukaryotic cell are called mithocondria.
20.Name an organelle found in animal cells that is not the nucleus.
• Lysosomes.
21. What kind of cell is an animal cell?
• Eukaryotic cell.
22.Red blood cells are also called erythocytes, while white blood cells are also called leukocytes.
23.Which type of blood cell is small and lacks a nucleus?
• Red blood cell.
24.What is the function of red blood cells?
• Their main job is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues around your body.
25.What is the function of white blood cells?
• These cells help fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and germs that invade the body.
26.What prevents a plant cell from undergoing lysis when placed in a highly hypotonic solution?
• Plant cells have a rigid wall that prevents lysis.
27. What class contains the largest white blood cells?
• Monocytes are the largest white blood cell.
28.What is the function of the mitochondria?
• Mitochondria are organelles found inside most eukaryotic cells. They generate the energy that the cell
needs.
29.Vacuoles and vesicles are found in plant cells, but now in animal cells.
30.The organelles in eukaryotic cells are surrounded by membranes.
31. The video mentioned that a lysosome is sometimes called a "suicide sac" because it is involved in killing
non-functional or harmful parts.