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Transcript
Genetic Terminology Trait - any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring Heredity - passing of traits from parent to offspring Genetics - study of heredity Gene – A segment of DNA that codes for a trait (protein) More Terminology Dominant - stronger of two genes expressed in the hybrid; represented by a capital letter (T or R or Y) Recessive - gene that shows up less often in a cross; represented by a lowercase letter (t or r or y) Alleles - two forms of a gene (dominant & recessive) Vocabulary Genotype: The genetic makeup of an individual for a trait - not the observable or detectable characteristics. The make up of the alleles in a gene pair Examples B=Brown eyes b = blue eyes Bb (brown) BB (brown) bb (blue) Phenotype: The observable or detectable characteristics of an individual organism; the detectable expression of a genotype. Brown eyes, blue eyes Vocabulary Purebred: Offspring that are the result of mating between genetically similar kinds of parents--the opposite of hybrid. Allele pair is either both dominant - BB or both recessive - bb Hybrid: Offspring that are the result of mating between two genetically different kinds of parents--the opposite of purebred. Allele pair is a mix of a dominant and a recessive allele - Bb Vocabulary homozygous genotype: A genotype consisting of two identical alleles of a gene for a particular trait. (both dominant or both recessive) BB or bb heterozygous genotype: A genotype consisting of two different alleles of a gene for a particular trait. Bb (dominant and recessive allele) Punnett squares are a way to look at the gene pairs an offspring will inherit from their parents. It shows the probability of each match.
