Download 9 Genetics Vocabulary

Genetics Vocabulary
1. genetics—the study of heredity
2. heredity—passing of traits from parents to offspring
3. trait—characteristic inherited from a parent
4. allele—one form of a gene
5. dominant—trait that is expressed when present
6. recessive—trait that is masked by a dominant allele
7. phenotype—the physical expression of a trait
8. genotype—the gene combination for a specific trait (2 alleles)
9. homozygous—a genotype having two of the SAME alleles
10. heterozygous— a genotype having two different alleles
11. Punnett square—chart used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring
12. P generation=parents
13. F1 generation=the offspring
14. F2 generation=the offspring of the offspring
15. law of segregation—Only one version (allele) of a gene is passed on to each sex cell
16. law of independent assortment—Different genes are passed on independently of one another
17. monohybrid cross—predicts the inheritanxce of ONE trait (4 boxes)
18. dihybrid cross—predicts the inheritance of TWO traits together (16 boxes)
19. codominance—both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote
20. incomplete dominance—neither allele is expressed; instead, the phenotype of the heterozygote is in
between that of the two homozygotes
21. multiple alleles—when there are more than two alleles for a certain gene
22. carrier—another name for a heterozygous individual
23. polygenic inheritance—produced by the interaction of several genes
24. sex-linked trait—trait controlled by a gene located on the sex chromosomes; usually found on the X
chromosome
25. testcross—method for determining the genotype of a dominant individual in which the unknown
(dominant) individual is crossed with one that is known (homozygous recessive)