Download Protein Synthesis Pre Test

Protein Synthesis
Pre/post Test with citations
Name ________________________________________
October 20, 2012
SC.912.L.16.5 Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they
result in the expression of genes.
SC.912.L.16.4 Explain how mutations in the DNA sequence may or may not result in
phenotypic change. Explain how mutations in gametes may result in phenotypic changes in offspring.
SC.912.L.16.9 Explain how and why the genetic code is universal and is common to almost
all organisms
____ 1. The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from
a. nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm.
b. ribosomes to proteins to DNA.
c. genes to nuclei to ribosomes.
d. DNA to RNA to proteins.
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____ 2. Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following DNA
strand: GTAGTCA.
a. UATUAGA
b. ACGACTG
c. CAUCAGU
d. CATCAGT
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____ 3. The main function of tRNA is to
a. carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins.
b. form a portion of ribosomes, a cell's protein factories.
c. string together complementary RNA and DNA strands.
d. bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes.
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____ 4. A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription
a. happens repeatedly throughout a single cell cycle.
b. occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
c. is catalyzed by large and complex enzymes.
d. proceeds according to careful cellular control.
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____ 5. What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a. base
b. codon
c. amine
d. serine
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____ 6. How many amino acids are used to make up the all of the proteins in the human body?
a. 16
b. 20
c. 23
d. 46
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____ 7. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?
a. Translation
b. Translocation
c. Replication
d. Transcription
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____ 8. A tRNA that carries the amino acid methionine pairs with which type of codon?
a. serine codon
b. tRNA codon
c. start codon
d. anticodon
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____ 9. Which phrase best describes translation?
a. converts mRNA into a polypeptide
b. breaks bonds between amino acids
c. produces RNA from DNA molecules
d. recycles tRNA molecules for reuse
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____ 10. Which of the following is the site of translation?
a. vacuole
b. lysosome
c. nucleus
d. ribosome
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____ 11. The sequence of the DNA segment below is part of gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this
segment?
ATCAGCGCTGGC
a. 4
b. 8
c. 12
d. 20
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____ 12. In a eukaryotic cell, where does mRNA synthesis and processing take place?
a. cytoplasm
b. nucleus
c. ribosome
d. operator
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____13. A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis.
Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed of only one amino acid, phenylalaine. What
does this experiment indicate?
a. The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil.
b. UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine.
c. Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes.
d. Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid.
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____ 14.During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA sequence. A
codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA
bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The
original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether
or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.
a. Yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for.
b. Yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence
will cause a change in phenotype
c. Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so
no change in phenotype will occur.
d. It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence.
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