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Transcript
Science 10 FXM Review #4 – Unit C GCCHS 1) Important Vocabulary - Match the following word/phrase with the description below that it best matches: spontaneous generation simple microscope nitrogen base organelle lipid lysosome mitochondria cellulose cell compound microscope gene sequencing cell membrane nucleus endoplasmic reticulum vacuole chloroplast cell theory SEM stem cells cytoplasm ribosome Golgi apparatus cell wall lysosome This is an organelle containing digestive enzymes where materials are degraded by the cell. gene sequencing This is the process of mapping the order of a genes nitrogen bases. cellulose This is a fibrous material that forms the main component of plant cell walls. organelle These are the objects found within cells that carry out specific functions for the cell. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are examples. lipid These are organic substances that include fats, oils and waxes. It is found in cell membranes and acts as a good barrier to water and dissolved substances. This is the powerhouse of the cell. It converts glucose to a more usable energy form (ATP) through cellular respiration. mitochondria cell membrane cell simple microscope compound microscope This is the semipermeable barrier around all cells that acts as the gatekeeper to the cell. This is the smallest functional unit of life. All living things are composed of them. This early type of microscope only had one lens. It is similar to a magnifying glass. This type of microscope has 2 or more lenses. spontaneous generation This was an erroneous belief that life could be produced from nonliving substances. vacuole This is a storage organelle in a cell. cell wall This a rigid structure that is located on the outside of the cell membrane in plant cells. It is composed of cellulose and provides support for the cell. There are 4 types of these in DNA, guanine, adenine, thymine and cytosine. They are one of the components of DNA. nitrogen base nucleus ribosome This is the control center of the cell. It contains the chromosomes which are long tangles on DNA. Sections of the DNA that code for a specific trait are genes. This is the site of protein synthesis. It translates the genetic information (RNA) from the nucleus. endoplasmic reticulum This is a network of folded membranes and tubes where proteins and lipids are produced. SEM This is a scanning electron microscope. It creates a 3-D image by bombarding a specimen with a beam of electrons that are then reflected to a receiver. These are undifferentiated (unspecialized) cells. They are found in high concentration in bone marrow. Then divide through mitosis and produce different types of specialized cells. This is “cell stuff”. It is the medium that surrounds the organelles in a cell. stem cells cytoplasm cell theory This states that all living things are made up of one or more cells and that all cells came from pre-existing cells. Golgi apparatus This is the organelle where proteins and lipids from the ER are modified, repackaged and then transported to other areas in the cell. chloroplast These are organelles found only in plant cells and other producers. They are the site of photosynthesis. 2) You should be able to identify all organelles in a plant and animal cell, as shown on pages 279 and 281. 3) Given a diagram of a cell membrane, (page 293) you should be able to identify: phospholipid bilayer, integral protein. 4) You should be able to explain diffusion. 5) You should be able to explain osmosis. 6) You should be able to explain hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions. 7) You should be able explain facilitated diffusion. 8) You should be able to explain how a carrier protein works. 9) You should be able to explain endocytosis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. 10) Explain phototropism and geotropism.