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Transcript
Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. New cells are created from pre-existing cells. 3. Cells are the basic unit of life. Plasma Membrane Also Called: Cell Membrane, Phospholipid Bilayer, Semipermeable Membrane Surrounds the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell (it is selectively permeable or semi-permeable). Maintains homeostasis (equilibrium) All Cells Cytoplasm Jelly-like material inside the cell. Holds organelles in “place” Made mainly of water. All Cells Nucleus Membrane bound organelle (Nuclear Membrane) Controls cell activities Contains the DNA (genome) Eukaryotes Mitochondria Membrane Bound Organelle (Surrounded by two membranes). Provides cells with ENERGY Converts Glucose into ATP (Energy) POWERHOUSE of the cell Eukaryotes Ribosome Makes Proteins. Found floating freely in the cells cytoplasm and on the Rough ER. All Cells Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum/ Rough ER Transports and Synthesizes (makes) Proteins. Covered with RIBOSOMES. Eukaryotes Golgi Apparatus/ Golgi Bodies Sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes. Modifies & ships proteins for their final destination. Eukaryotes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum/ Smooth ER Transports and Synthesizes (makes) Lipids Eukaryotes Chloroplast Membrane bound organelle Transforms solar energy into chemical energy : PHOTOSYNTHESIS Contains chlorophyll, makes the cell green Eukaryotes Vacuole Stores materials like water, food, enzymes & waste BIGGER IN PLANTS – Central Vacuole stores excess water Eukaryotes Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes. Break down lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates Cell’s “Garbage Disposal” Animal Cells Cell Wall Strong, rigid layer surrounding, outside the cell membrane. Provide support and protection to the plant. Some Eukaryotes/ All Prokaryotes Cilia/Pilus Allows prokaryotes/eukaryotes to attach to surfaces and to each other Allows them to transfer DNA (sexual reproduction). Prokaryotes Flagella Whip-like tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement