Download vocab review unit 6 Learning

Vocab unit 6
Learning
Classical Conditioning
• a relatively permanent change in an
behavior due to experience.
Learning
• Loss of a behavior, when the cs is no
longer paired with the UCS.
Extinction
• the reappearance, after a pause, of an
extinguished conditioned response.
Spontaneous Recovery
• Treating 2 similar things differently.
Discrimination
• Treating two similar things the same
Generalization
• the helplessness and passive resignation
an animal or human learns when unable to
avoid repeated aversive events.
Learned Helplessness
• a type of learning in which one learns to
link stimulus to response, learner is
unaware. Uses UCS, CS, UCR, CR
Classical Conditioning
the unlearned, naturally occurring
response to the unconditioned stimulus
(UCS),
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
• To learn, or in classical conditioning UCS
+ CS=CR
Acquisition
• a stimulus that unconditionally – naturally
and automatically – triggers a response.
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
• in classical conditioning, the learned
response to a previously neutral stimulus
(CS).
Conditioned Response (CR)
• A neutral stimulus that after an association
with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS),
comes to trigger a CR.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
• an organism’s decreasing response to a
stimulus with repeated exposure to it.
Habituation
• learning that certain events occur together.
The events may be two stimuli (as in
classical conditioning) or a response and
its consequence (as in operant
conditioning).
Associative Learning
• the view that psychology (1) should be an
objective science that (2) studies behavior
without reference to mental processes.
Behaviorism
Operant Conditioning
• a type of learning in which behavior is
strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or
diminished if followed by a punisher
Operant Conditioning
• guiding behavior closer and closer toward
the desired behavior.
Shaping
• Thorndike’s principle that behaviors
followed by favorable consequences
become more likely, and that behaviors
followed by unfavorable consequences
become less likely.
Law of Effect
• in operant conditioning research, a
chamber (also known as a Skinner Box)
Operant Chamber
• in operant conditioning, any event that
strengthens the behavior it follows.
Reinforcer
• when given after a response, increases
the response.
Positive Reinforcement
• an innately reinforced stimulus, such as
one that satisfies a biological need.
Primary Reinforcer
• any stimulus that, when removed after a
response, strengthens the response
Negative Reinforcement
• reinforcing the desired response every
time it occurs.
Continuous Reinforcement
• A reinforcer that has to be learned to
valued; also known as a secondary
reinforcer. Ex) money, grades, stickers
Conditioned Reinforcer
• reinforcing a response only part of the
time;
Partial (intermittent) Reinforcement
• a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a
response only after a specific time has
elapsed.
Fixed-interval Schedule
• a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a
response at unpredictable time intervals.
Variable-interval Schedule
• a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a
response only after a specific number of
responses.
Fixed-ratio Schedule
• a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a
response after an unpredictable number of
responses.
Variable-ratio Schedule
• an event that decreases the behavior that
it follows.
Punishment
PART 3
• learning that occurs but is not apparent
until there is an incentive to demonstrate
it.
Latent Learning
• positive, constructive, helpful behavior.
The opposite of antisocial behavior.
Prosocial Behavior
• frontal lobe neurons that fire when
performing certain actions or when
observing another doing so.
Mirror Neurons
• learning by observing others. Also called
social learning.
Observational Learning
• a desire to perform a behavior to receive
promised rewards or avoid threatened
punishment.
Extrinsic Motivation
• the process of observing and imitating a
specific behavior.
Modeling
• a desire to perform a behavior effectively
for its own sake.
Intrinsic Motivation
• a sudden realization of the solution to a
problem.
Insight
• a mental representation of the layout of
one’s environment.
Cognitive Map