Download Chemistry in Living Things - Mercer Island School District

Chemistry in Living Things
Organic Compounds: Molecules that are found in
______________________.
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Nucleic Acids (DNA)
Organic compounds contain _____________.
Amino Acid
(Building Block
of Proteins)
Discuss with your table partner:
Why Carbon?
Carbon is element number 6. Review what
this means about its valence number and
discuss how this might relate to its ability to
form the complex molecules found in living
things.
With an atomic number of 6, carbon has ____
___________________ . ____________________
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4 Main Types of Organic Molecules
•
•
•
•
Carbohydrates
Lipids (Fats and Oils)
Proteins
Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)
Many organic molecules are polymers,
which means they are _______________
______________________. (poly = ____)
Also called macromolecules, because they are
very large. (macro = large)
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen
and Oxygen in a ratio of (about) __________
Example: Glucose is C6H12O6
Most sugars and some other carbohydrates have
names that end in “ ______”
The sugar ribose is a 5 carbon sugar. What is its
molecular formula?
______________
Types of Carbohydrates
MonosaccharidesDisaccharides-
simple sugars (like glucose)
2 sugars linked together
Example: Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
Types of Carbohydrates Cont.
Polysaccharides- polymers of many sugars
Examples:
Starch- _____________________________
Cellulose- _______________________________
Glycogen- _______________________________
Lipids (Fats and Oils)
• Lipids are ________ in water.
 _________ molecules due to a large proportion
of
C-H bonds.
• Functions of lipid include:
Energy Storage
Insulation
Protective coating
Lipids contain __________________________
as carbohydrates or proteins.
Proteins
Proteins are made of subunits called_________
________. _______________________________
Amino Acids
Each amino acid has a central carbon, with 4
different attachments: an amino group (NH2),
a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen and a
side group (represented with an R). It is the
side group(R) that differs among the 20 types
of amino acids.
The 20 Amino Acids in Proteins
Protein Functions
Some of the functions of proteins include:
Transport proteins
Example: Hemoglobin transport O2
 Enzymes : proteins that catalyze a specific
chemical reaction
Example: Pepsin digest proteins
______________ proteins for ______________
Example: Muscle fibers
 _______________ proteins
Example: Keratin (hair)
Video: Level of Structure in a Protein
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lijQ3a8yUYQ
Levels of Structure in Proteins
Primary structure: _____________
_____________________
Secondary structure: Regular folding
or pleating
Tertiary structure: _______________
____________________________
Quaternary structure: Proteins that
have more than one polypeptide
chain joined together.
Animation:
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/proteins/
protein%20structure.swf
The 3-dimensional shape of a protein is important for
its function.
Under certain conditions, a protein may become unfolded
and will not be able to perform its function. This
unfolding of a protein is called ________________.
Nucleic Acids
• Composed of subunits called nucleotides.
• There are 2 Types of Nucleic Acids: DNA and
RNA
• Stores hereditary information in the cell by
the order of the bases A, C, T and G
Synthesis (Building) of Polymers:
Dehydration (or Condensation) Reactions
Many polymers are built by reactions called
dehydration (or condensation) reactions.
An OH group from one subunit is linked with a H on
the other subunit, _____________ . The subunits
are linked covalently together.
Animation of a
Condensation Reaction:
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/disacc
harideformation.html
Breaking down Polymers:
Hydrolysis Reactions
When sugars, proteins or lipids are broken down into
their subunits, the opposite process occurs.
Water is used in this process to break apart the
polymer, so it is called a hydrolysis reaction.
(hydro= _________ , lysis= ______________)
Hydrolysis Reaction
Animation:
http://www.biotopics.c
o.uk/as/disaccharidehy
drolysis.html
When 2 amino acids are linked together by a
condensation reaction, the bond is called a
peptide bond.
Animation of condensation reaction for amino acids:
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/aminocon.html
Video: Carbohydrates
(Observe the process of dehydration and hydrolysis reactions.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qf_r5EVP6U
Animation of condensation and hydrolysis
reactions
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/disaccharidefor
mation.html
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/Westmin/science/sbioa
c/biochem/condense.htm
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/aminocon.html
Discuss with your table partner:
Explain the difference between carbohydrates
and fats.
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Discuss with your table partner:
Why do animals store most of their
excess energy as fat rather than starch?
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