Download DNA Study guide

Biology: DNA Study Guide
Definitions:
1. Nucleotide
2. Double helix
3. DNA replication
4. Mutation
5.
6.
7.
8.
Transcription
Introns
Exons
Gene
9. Translation
10. Codon
11. Anticodon
12. Mutagen
DNA (section 8.2 and 8.3)
1. Know the parts of a nucleotide and how they combine in a finished DNA molecule.
2. Be sure to know the four types of nucleotides and how they pair together.
3. Know the importance of Franklin, Watson, and Crick.
4. Be able to diagram DNA replication until two identical strands of DNA are created, similar to
previous homework assignments.
5. Know the role the various enzymes play in DNA replication.
6. How are mutations corrected?
RNA and Transcription (section 8.4)
1. Know the three types of RNA and their functions.
2. Be able to explain the steps of transcription.
3. Know the role the various enzymes play in RNA transcription.
4. Know the ways that DNA and RNA differ from each other.
5. Be able to create mRNA from a piece of given DNA. For example, tf the DNA were
TAACTTGCGA, what would the mRNA be?
Translation (section 8.5)
1. Know how to use the Genetic Code chart that lists the 20 amino acids.
2. What role do ribosomes, tRNA, and mRNA play in translation?
3. Be able to explain how proteins are assembled from DNA.
4. Know how to fill in the sequence of bases starting from DNA and leading to the correct amino acid as
shown below.
Example shown below
Practice Example below
DNA:
T G C C T G
DNA:
mRNA:
A C G G A C
mRNA:
G C U A G U
tRNA:
U G C C U G
tRNA:
Amino Acid: Threonine, Aspartic Acid
Amino Acid:
Mutations (section 8.7)
1. How do the different types of mutations differ?
2. Be able to explain how a change in DNA (mutation) could lead to a malformed protein.
3. When are mutations able to be passed onto offspring?