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THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF PHARMACY
Botany department
Test items
with explains for preparing
for licensing examination
KROK – 1 “Pharmacy” (BOTANY)
Kharkiv 2016
recommended by the CMC (central methodical commission) of NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF
UDK 581.8
It is recommended by the CMC (central methodical commission) of NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF
PHARMACY(minutes No. 1 from 02.09.2016)
Authors: T. M. Gontova, Ya. S. Kriukowa, V. P. Gaponenko, V.V. Mashtaler, O.S. Mala
Reviewers: L. A. Toryanik, Ph.D (Pedagogics), Associate Professor, Head of the department
foreign languages NUPh. T. O. Grinchenko, professor, Head of the department of botany Kharkiv
National Pedagogical University.
Test items with explains for preparing for license examination KROK-1 “Pharmacy” (BOTANY)
[Gontova T. M., Kriukowa Ya. S., Gaponenko V. P., Mashtaler V. V., Mala O. S.]; under the
editorship of Kriukowa Ya. S. – K.: NUPh, 2016.–88 p.
The textbook represents the tasks from the bank of tests Krok 1 “Pharmacy”. The bank was
created by the Testing Center of MEH of Ukraine during 2002-2015. The short explanations are
provided to the right answers with illustrations in the textbook. The tests consist of the basis of the
task and the resolving part with only one right answer.
Edition purpose:
 to acquaint students of 2-4 courses with the tests which are used for the current, total control
and license examination;
 to prepare students of 4 courses for license examination «Krok 1»;
 to help students of 2 and 4 courses with mastering of the program material of the discipline
«Pharmaceutical botany».
UDK 581.8
© Gontova T. M., Kriukowa Ya. S.,
Gaponenko V. P., Mashtaler V.V.,
Mala O.S.
© PS Esin, 2016
Content
Content module 1.
ANATOMY OF THE CELL, TISSUES AND VEGETATIVE ORGANS
Content submodule 1.
Plant cell…………………………………………………………………..………2
Content submodule 2
Plant tissues………………………………………………………………………12
Content submodule 3
Anatomy of the vegetative organs………………………………………………..27
Content module 2.
MORPHOLOGY OF THE VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE ORGANS
Content submodule 1.
Morphology of the vegetative organs…………………………………………….33
Content submodule 2.
Morphology of the generative organs…………………………………………….41
Content module 3.
PLANT SYSTEMATIC
Content submodule 1.
Ecology……………………………………………………………………………85
Content module 1.
ANATOMY OF THE CELL, TISSUES AND VEGETATIVE ORGANS
Content submodule 1.
PLANT CELL
Test
Explains
1.1. Cells with large central vacuole, which is confined
with tonoplast and filled with the cell sap and can
contain crystal inclusions. These cells are typical for …
A. plants
B. animals
C. cyanobacteriae
D. fungus
E. algae
Plant cells compared with animal cells have central
vacuole, which is confined with tonoplast and filled with
cell sap and can contain crystal inclusions
starchgrains,aleronic grains.
1.2. Organelles of cytoplasm complex do not include ...
A. nucleus
B. Golgi complex
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. mitochondria
E. ribosomes
Nucleus is an independent and the most important
element of any protoplast, which carries hereditary
information. The main components of a nucleus are
nuclear double membrane envelope with ribosomes,
nuclear matrix (mucleoplasm), chromatin and nucleolus.
Cytoplasm organelles are the
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER),
ribosomes, Golgi complex,
lysosomes, plastids, mitochondria,
microtubules
1.3. Plant cell organelles that realize a protective
function are ...
A. lysosomes
B. ribosomes
C. centrosomes
D. microtubules
E. mitochondria
Lysosomes are the cytoplasm organelles that contain
numerous enzymes, providing decay of structures and
molecules, endo-and exocytosis, and carry out protective
function.
1.4. … participate in the formation of vacuoles.
A. bubbles EPR, dictyosomes
B. nucleus
C. lysosomes
D. ribosomes
E. mitochondria\
Vacuoles are derivatives of the endoplasmic reticulum
and dictyosomes of the Golgi complex. They are limited
by vacuolar protein-lipoid membrane, which is called
tonoplast. It provides selective capacity. Vacuoles contain
cell sap of different composition or crystalline inclusions aleurone grains (in the seeds) calcium oxalate crystals,
etc.
1.5. The cell sap containers in the plant cell are bordered
by tonoplast from the cytoplasm, they accumulate
water, reserve nutrients and ergastic substances; they
also provide the osmolality and cell turgor. They are ...
A. vacuoles
B. nucleus
C. mitochondria
D. ribosomes
E. chloroplasts
vacuole
1.6. The membrane, which is adjacent to the vacuole, is
called ...
A. tonoplast
B. plasmalemma
C. protoplast
D. mezoplasma
E. karyoplasma
1.7. The above-membrane component of plant cells
includes...
A. cell wall
B. microfilaments
C. plazmalemma
D. microtubules
E. glycocalyx
1.8. A cellulose monomer is ...
A. glucose
B. galactose
C. ribose
D. sucrose
E. fructose
The cell wall (shell) is bordered by the cytoplasmic
membrane - plasmolemma and has microfibrillar
structure. It consists of water, cellulose, hemicellulose
and pectin substances. It provides the cell with its shape
and protects the protoplast, participates in the migration
of substances.
Glycocalyx is a cover of animal cell plasma membrane.
Cellulose is a membrane polysaccharide (S6N10O5)n of
plant cells, a polymer of glucose. The quality reaction on
cellulose cell walls involves blue-violet coloring with
chloro-zinc-iodine.
1.9. It has been found that soluble polysaccharide is part
of the cyanobacteria and fungi cells. When colored with
Lugol’s solution, it becomes brown and it is cleaved to
glucose phosphate by the enzyme phosphorylase. It is ...
A. glycogen
B. starch
C. cellulose
D. inulin
E. fructose
1.10. Fungus cells, unlike plant cells, accumulate ...
A. glycogen
B. starch
C. aleurone
D. inulin
E. chitin
Polysaccharide glycogen (animal starch) is amorphous
glucopyranoside (С6Н10O5)n of fungus, cyanobacteria,
animal and human cells.
It is hydrolyzed by phosphorylase enzyme to glucose
phosphate.
The quality reaction involves brown coloring with Lugol’s
solution.
1.11. Cytoplasmic filaments, which go through pores of
the cell wall, provide interrelation of protoplasts and
metabolism between them. They are …
A. plasmodesmas
B. microtubules
C. fibrils
D. microfilaments
E. cytoskeleton
Plasmodesmas are thin cytoplasmic filaments, passing
through the pores in the cell membrane and providing
the interrelation of neighboring cells and protoplasts
metabolism between them.
1.12. Cell walls of these plants consist of chitin. It is
typical for …
A. fungi
B. arboreal plants
C. gymnospermous plants
D. higher spore plants
E. algae
Fungus cell wall is composed of microbe-resistant
nitrogenous polysaccharide – chitosan.
1.13. To plant cell organelles that provide concentration,
dehydration and induration of substances of endo-and
exogenic nature belong the following ones:
A. Golgi complexes
B. lysosomes
C. ribosomes
D. plastids
E. endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex (apparatus) - system of tubes, vials, tanks
(dictyosomes). Participates in the secretion, the
formation of lysosomes and vacuoles, the synthesis of cell
wall polysaccharides, renewal and growth membranes.
1.14. While study of a plant cell under microscope it is
indicated structures having the form of heap of
depressed membrane cisterns and bubbles. This is a …
A. Golgi apparatus
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. plastids
D. mitochondrion
E. calcium microbody
The Golgi apparatus (also Golgi body or the Golgi
complex) is an organelle which found in most eukaryotic
cells.
It processes and packages proteins after their synthesis
and before they make their way to their destination; it is
particularly important in the processing of proteins for
secretion. The Golgi apparatus forms a part of the cellular
incoming
endomembrane system.
transport vesicle
cisternae
lumen
1.15.During examination of a plant cell under the
electron microscope some structures in form of a stack
of flattened membrane cisterns and vesicles were found.
What organelles are these?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Plastids
D. Mitochondrions
E. Microbodies
1.16. The cytoplasm of a plant cell is isolated from the
cell wall by …
A. plasmolemma
B. tonoplast (vacuolar membrane)
C. hyaloplasma
D. nucleus envelope
E. endoplasmic reticulum
1.17. It is known that bluish purple petal coloration of a
plant under examination varies up to pink or light pink
according to pH of cellular fluid of vacuole. It is caused
by presence of:
A. аnthocyanins
B. сarotins
C. рhycobilins
D. сhlorophylls
E. хanthophylls
1.18. It is known that depending on pH of cellular fluid
petal coloration can vary from blue-and-violet to pink
and light pink. This is caused by presence of:
A. аnthocyanins
B. хanthophylls
C. сhorophylls
D. сarotins
E. рhycobilins
1.19. Green pigments of the plants are contained in …
A. chlorophylls
B. amyloplasts
C. chromoplasts
D. proteoplasts
E. mitochondria
newly
forming vesicle
secretory vesicle
Plasmolemma is a thin membrane immediately
surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell that restricts the
passage of molecules into it.
Anthocyanins are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that
may appear red, purple, violet or blue according to pH.
Anthocyanins also act as powerful antioxidants.
Chlorophyll is the green pigment that absorbs sunlight
and uses its energy to synthesise carbohydrates from CO2
and water. This process is known as photosynthesis and is
the basis for sustaining the life processes of all plants.