Download 1.The general formula for amino acids, explain it term by

1.The general formula for amino acids, explain it term by term?
It contains an amino group NH2, a carboxyl group (COOH) and an R group(sidechain).
R-CH(NH2)-COOH.
2.How to read the Protein Sequence?
From N to C
3.Describe the chaining process to form the protein.
The pair of hooks –NH2 and COOH- of different amino acid are used to form the
peptidic bond CO-NH.
4.Describe the protein molecule.
protein molecule is not a chain like, highly flexible object (think a section of chain
highly flexible object) but rather a compact, well- -bundled ball of string.
5.What is the central concept of molecular biology?
SequenceStructureFunction
6.Give a list from the smallest to biggest common terms in molecular biology.
Nucleotide<DNA(RNA)<Amino acid<Protein
7. What does Photo 51 show?’
The critical evidence in identifying the structure of DNA.
8.Give the definition and full name of DNA, nucleotide, RNA, how are they related?
Nucleotide: made up of one phosphate group lined to a pentose sugar which is then
linked to 1 of 4 types of nitrogenous organic bases, symbolized by the 4 letters, A,
C,G,T. (chemical compund that consists of 4 heterocyclic base, a sugar, and one or
more phosphate groups)
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a large macromolecule consisting of a chain of four
constituents called nucleotides.
RNA: Ribonucleic acid, …
9.What are the differences between DNA and RNA.
1. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid with deoxyribose sugar present while RNA is
ribonucleic acid with ribose sugar present.
2. DNA contains Thymine(T), but not Uracil(U), while RNA contains Uracil buy not
Thymine.
3. DNA has a double helix structure with two strands while RNA is single- stranded.
10.How does the purine-pyrimidine pair work?
The purine-pyrimidine pairs are chemically and energetically favorable, forming 3
stable hydrogen bonds between G & C and 2 stable hydrogen bonds between A & T.
11.What is the bonding between nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bonds; connects the phosphate group of one to the deoxyribose
sugar of another.
12.How to read DNA(RNA) sequence?
From 5‘ to 3’ or PO4 to OH
13.Give an example of palindromic RNA sequences
AATCGCGATT
TTAGCGCTAA
14. What is the Central Dogma?(formula, conditions)
15. What sequence of amino acids would the following RNA sequence code for if it
were to be translated by a ribosome?
5’-AUG GGA UGU CGC CGA AAC-3’
(How to read the standard genetic code table properly?)
M-G-C-R-R-N