Download Cells and Cell Theory

22 Life Science
L.12.B.2 http://www.rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/L12B2.htm
Which of the following is the correct ranking of
organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest
to most complex?
A. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms
B. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
C. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms
D. tissues, organs, cells, organ systems, organisms
Southern Nevada Regional Professional Development Program
K-12 Science
Cells and Cell Theory
Mr. Porter
Principles of Science
First Sightings of Cells
 Robert
Hooke, 1663, - An English
scientist and inventor, looked at the
structure of cork using his
homemade microscope.
First Sightings of Cells
 Hooke
thought
the spaces in the
cork looked like
tiny rooms so he
called them
“cells”.
First Sightings of Cells
 Anton
van
Leeuwenhoek - a
Dutch
businessman and
amateur scientist
made his own
lenses.
First Sightings of Cells
 He
used them
to look at pond
water and
discovered
many tiny
organisms
which he called
“animalcules”.
First Sightings of Cells
 Matthias
Schleiden, 1838,
a German
scientist,
concluded that
all plants were
made of cells.
First Sightings of Cells
Theodor
Schwann, 1839,
another German
scientist,
concluded that
all animals were
made of cells.
Cell Theory
 Cell
Theory states that:
1) All living things are made of
cells.
2) Cells are the basic unit of
structure and function in living
things.
3) All cells come from other cells.
Types of Cells
– Organisms
whose cells contain
organelles.
Prokaryotes – Organisms
whose cells that do not
contain any organelles,
except ribosomes.
Eukaryotes
Specialized Cells
 In
multi-cellular (more than one
cell) organisms, cells differ a lot in
size and shape based on their
function.
Skin
Nerve
Muscle
Bone
Bacterial Cells
Bacteria
are the only
prokaryote members
The bacteria’s
genetic material is
found in the
cytoplasm;
eukaryotes have it
in their nucleus.
What’s In A Cell?
 Organelles
- tiny structures in the
cell that do special jobs.
Organelles in the cytoplasm
 Cytoplasm
- a clear, thick, gel-like
fluid found between the nucleus
and the cell membrane.
Organelles in the cytoplasm
 Most
cell organelles are found
here.
 These organelles function to:
produce energy
 build and transport needed
materials
 store and recycle wastes.

Cell Membrane
 Cell
membrane found in all types
of cells
1. Separates the
cell from its
environment
2. Protects the cell.
3. Controls what
goes in and out.
Cell Wall
 Cell
walls - rigid layers
of non-living material.
Support & protect cell.
 Allow oxygen & water to
pass through.
 Made of cellulose

Cell Wall
 Cellulose
- a tough,
but flexible material
that make the cell
walls.

Non-digestible
carbohydrate (Fiber)
19 Life Science
L.12.B.1 http://rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/L12B1.htm
The illustrations represent two different cells.
Which statement best identifies Cell X and Cell Y?
A. Cell X is prokaryotic and Cell Y is eukaryotic.
B. Cell X is a nerve cell and Cell Y is nerve tissue.
C. Cell X is a red blood cell and Cell Y is a muscle cell.
D. Cell X is a plant cell and Cell Y is an animal cell.
From http://www.doe.mass.edu/mcas/
Southern Nevada Regional Professional Development Program
K-12 Science
Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is the name for the small parts
within a cell that perform specific
functions?
What substance fills the cell?
In eukaryotes, what surrounds the cell?
Which is responsible for the structure
of the cell?
List 3 functions of the cell
membrane/wall?
Venn Diagram
18 Life Science
L.12.B.1 http://rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/L12B1.htm
Which of the following is present in a typical
plant cell but not in an animal cell?
A. Mitochondria
B. Cell Wall
C. Ribosome
D. Cell Membrane
Southern Nevada Regional Professional Development Program
K-12 Science
Graphic Organizer
Nucleus
2. Nucleolus
3. Mitochondria
4. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(both types)
1.
Golgi Bodies
6. Lysosome
7. Vacuoles
8. Chloroplast
5.
cellsalive.com
The Nucleus
 Cell
Nucleus
A. Control
Center of
the cell
B. Stores DNA
C. The “brain”
or “boss” of
the cell
Nuclear Membrane
 Nuclear
membrane controls what
substances
come into and
out of a nucleus
through tiny
openings called
pores.
Chromatin
 Chromatin
Found in the
nucleus
2) Contains the
genetic material
or “instructions”
that direct the
functions of the
cell.
1)
Nucleolus
 Nucleolus
- found inside the
nucleus, and is where ribosomes
are made.
Ribosomes
 Ribosomes
- The organelles that
provide a place for proteins to be
made
Ribosomes
 Ribosomes
can be…
free floating
 on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

 Once
made, the ribosomes pass the
proteins through the endoplasmic
reticulum to be sent to the Golgi
bodies.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 (ER)
passageways
that carry
proteins and
other materials
from one part of
the cell to
another.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Smooth
 Rough
E.R. – (No Ribosomes)
E.R. - (Ribosomes on
surface)
Mitochondria
 Mitochondria
Powerhouse of
the cell.

Site where food
is converted to
energy
17 Life Science
L.12.B.1 http://rpdp.net/sciencetips_v2/L12B1.htm
A cell found in the root of a plant would most
likely lack what cell structure?
A. Cell membrane
B. Cell wall
C. Chloroplasts
D. Mitochondria
Southern Nevada Regional Professional Development Program
K-12 Science
Golgi Bodies
 Golgi
Bodies Receives
proteins and
other chemicals
from the E.R.
Golgi Bodies
Golgi Bodies
 These
chemicals
are the stored,
packaged, and
sent to other parts
of the cell.
 Can also release
materials outside
the cell.
B
Lysosomes
 Lysosomes
- contain
chemicals that break
large molecules down
into smaller ones the
mitochondria can use.
 They also recycle old
cell parts.
Vacuoles
 Vacuoles:
Store and carry food and other
materials needed by the cell.
 Can also store wastes.

Vacuoles
 In
plants, vacuoles fill with water to
provide pressure against cell wall
which keeps the cell supported.
Chloroplasts
– the organelle
responsible for photosynthesis.
 Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
 Chlorophyll
the pigment in chloroplasts that
capture the sun’s energy to change
carbon dioxide and water to food
and oxygen.
 Also gives leaves their green color.

Animal & Plant Cells
 What
is the primary difference between
animals and plants?




Animals are consumers; plants use
photosynthesis
Autotrophs – organism that can make its own
food.
Heterotroph – organism that must consume
food for energy.
Certain bacteria are autotrophs, and some are
considered heterotrophs.
Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What 2 organelles are found in the
nucleus?
What is made on the ribosomes?
What are contained in lysosomes?
Where is the genetic material in a
eukaryote found? In a prokaryote?
Which organelle fills with water to
give support to a plant?