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Biology Mid-term Review Questions • • • 70 multiple choice questions 2 essay questions (you will have a choice). Comprehensive (August-December) I. Biomolecules: Organic or inorganic? How do you tell?________________________________ What are the 4 classes of biomolecules? ___________________________________________ How can you tell the difference between Carbohydrates and everything else? _____________________________ Lipids and everything else? ____________________________________ Proteins and everything else? __________________________________ Nucleic acids and everything else? ______________________________ What kind of bond holds together Carbohydrates - ___________________ Lipids - _____________________ Nucleic acids - ________________ Proteins - ____________________ Categorize which biomolecule it is! Starch Hair DNA Cellulose Plant cell walls Enzymes Organic product of photosynthesis Component of cell membrane Biology Mid-term Review Questions How many different amino acids are possible? __________________________ What determines the order of the amino acids in your proteins? ____________________ II. Cells: Prokaryote Eukaryote Size Age Nucleus Organelles Examples Part Nucleus Function Part Smooth ER Cytoplasm Golgi Body Ribosomes Vacuoles Rough ER Lysosome Plasma membrane Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cell wall Function Biology Mid-term Review Questions Plant cell and Animal cell comparison and contrast III. Transport Label the parts of a phospholipid: (polar, nonpolar, phosphate, lipid, hydrophilic, hydrophobic) Label the parts of a bilayer: (polar, nonpolar, phosphate, lipid, hydrophilic, hydrophobic) Biology Mid-term Review Questions Use the drawing below to indicate the location of inside the cell, outside of the cell, polar and nonpolar Using the image of a cell membrane below: Color the proteins red Color the polar part green Color the non polar part yellow Add in a channel (transport) protein. Add in a carbohydrate marker on one of the proteins Biology Mid-term Review Questions When we say that a lipid bilayer is semipermeable, what do we mean? Passive transport Requires energy Moves molecules Moves molecules Active Transport From low concentration to high concentration With (down) the concentration gradient Define osmosis: Label the following drawings and show whether the solution OUTSIDE the cell is hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to the INSIDE of the cell and draw an arrow to indicate the direction water will move. (The cell membrane is semipermeable but will not allow the particles to move thru…only water) Draw a picture of onion cells, as seen in our lab activity under the 20X objective of the light microscope. Show how the cells looked after we added concentrated salt solution to the cells. What happened to make them look like that? What direction did water flow? What happened after we added pure water back to the cells. Why did this happen? Biology Mid-term Review Questions Indicate which of the following is endocytosis and which is exocytosis. Below each one give an example of a type of substance moved in that manner Indicate which side is hypertonic, hypotonic and the direction water will move. Draw a prediction of what it will look like after sitting for a few hours: before prediction 5% NaCl 2% NaCl 20% sucrose 50% sucrose 70% NaCl 40% NaCl Biology Mid-term Review Questions IV. Energy: Is this reaction exergonic or endergonic? How can you tell? Give an example of endergonic and exergonic reactions: What is activation energy? What do the following letters represent in the diagram A: B: C: E: Which line (solid or dashed) represents a reaction with an enzyme? Give some characteristics of an enzyme: Give 3 examples of digestive enzymes and the reactions they catalyze: What’s an easy way to tell if a chemical named is an enzyme? Name 4 things that can affect an enzyme functioning Biology Mid-term Review Questions Label the structure of ATP using the following terms: phosphate, bonds with high stored energy, sugar, and adenine What does ATP become when it loses one phosphate? _______________ two phosphates?_______________ The first living things to take incoming energy and transform it to chemical energy (glucose) are called _______________ or ____________________. The energy flows from those organisms to ____________________ or ______________________ that must eat to obtain energy Give 3 kinds of organisms that are photosynthetic: What is fermentation? When does it occur and what are the byproducts? The breakdown of glucose begins in the cytoplasm with which process? How many ATP does it produce? What other molecule is generated? Cellular respiration What Where Who What goes in (reactant) What comes out (product) Reaction (balanced) Photosynthesis Biology Mid-term Review Questions Where in a plant does photosynthesis occur? (Be specific). How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis INTERDEPENDENT? Where is the ATP synthase found in eukaryotic cells? (more than one place!). How does it work? Describe the electron transport chain of photosynthesis. How is it similar to the ETC of cellular respiration? Define chemiosmosis. Biology Mid-term Review Questions Name the following : Producers 1st trophic level 2nd trophic level 3rd trophic level 4th trophic level Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores 1st level consumer 2nd level consumer 3rd level consumer If the phytoplankton has 1468 kilo calories of energy, how much of that is stored in the bald eagle if: Phytoplankton à benthic invertebratesà sea ducksà bald eagle Biology Mid-term Review Questions V. Viruses Describe the structure of a virus. How is this different from the structure of a living cell? How do viruses reproduce? VI. Characteristics of Life List the 6 defining characteristics of life.