Download Living Systems

Living Systems
Cell Study Guide
Name: ________KEY__________
Quiz is on: __________________________
SOLs:
5.5: The student will investigate and understand that organisms are made of cells and have distinguishing characteristics.
a) basic cell structures and functions
1. Define cell: the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
2. All living things are made up of _____one____ or ______more______ cells.
3. Cells are so _______small______ that they can only be seen under a
____microscope__________.
4. The simplest organisms, such as bacteria, are made of ____one___ cell.
5. Most plants and animals are made up of ______many____ cells.
6. Organisms with many cells usually have many different kinds of cells. Each kind of cell
has a particular ____function_____.
7. Cells contain even smaller structures called _________organelles_______. Each
______organelle_______ has a particular function in the life processes of a cell.
8. What is diffusion?
- the process in which particles of a substance move from an area where there
are a lot of particles of the substance to an area where there are fewer
particles. (They try to space themselves out evenly)
9. What is osmosis?
-the movement of water and dissolved materials through cell membranes.
(cells get most of their water by osmosis)
10. Osmosis keeps plants from _____wilting_____ and _______dying_______.
Plant Cell
Directions: Label the organelles of the plant cell and describe their functions. (p. A8)
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Nucleus: determines all of a plant
Chromosomes: threadlike structures
cell’s activities and the production of
that contain information about the
new cells (brain of the cell)
characteristics of the plant (DNA)
Cell Membrane: a covering that holds
Cell Wall: a rigid layer that supports
the plant cell together and separates
and protects the plant (soft shell)
it from its surroundings (like skin)
Cytoplasm: a jelly-like substance that Chloroplasts: make food for the plant
contains many chemicals to keep the
cell
cell functioning
Vacuole: stores food, water, or
Mitochondria: release energy from
wastes (storage)
food
Animal Cell
Directions: Label the organelles of the animal cell and describe their functions. (p. A9)
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Chromosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Nucleus: determines all of an animal
Chromosomes: threadlike structures
cell’s activities and the production of
that contain information about the
new cells
characteristics of the animal
Cell Membrane: a covering that holds Cytoplasm: a jelly-like substance
the animal cell together and
that contains many chemicals to keep
separates it from its surroundings
the cell functioning
Vacuoles: stores food, water, or
Mitochondria: release energy from
wastes
food
• Larger vacuoles
• Cells are rigid
• Has chloroplasts
• Has cell walls
Plant Cells
• No chloroplasts
• Cells are more flexible
• Smaller vacuoles
• Cells are usually round
• Have chromosomes
• Have a cell membrane
• Have cytoplasm
• Have vacuoles
• Have mitochondria
• No cell walls
Animal Cells
• Have a nucleus
Both