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Transcript
7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Slide 1 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Comparing the Cell to a Factory oEukaryotic Cell Structures oStructures within a eukaryotic cell that perform important cellular functions are known as _______________________. oCell biologists divide the eukaryotic cell into two major parts: oThe _____________: Houses cell’s DNA oThe ______________ oThe ___________is the portion of the cell outside the nucleus. Site of most of the cells __________.Slide 2 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Comparing the Cell to a Factory Plant Cell Nucleolus Nucleus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nuclear envelope Ribosome (free) Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (attached) Golgi apparatus Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplast Mitochondrion Vacuole Slide 3 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Comparing the Cell to a Factory Animal Cell Nucleolus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Ribosome (free) Nuclear envelope Cell membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome (attached) Centrioles Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Slide 4 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus oNucleus oThe ____________is the _____________ of the cell. oThe nucleus contains nearly all the cell's _________and with it the coded instructions for _______________ and other important molecules. Slide 5 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus The Nucleus Chromatin Nuclear envelope Nucleolus Nuclear pores Slide 6 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus oThe nucleus is surrounded by a _________________ composed of two membranes. oThe envelope is dotted with ________ __________, which allow material to move Nuclear in and out of the envelope nucleus. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nuclear pores Slide 7 of 49 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus oThe granular material in the nucleus is called _______________. oChromatin consists of _______________________. Chromatin Slide 8 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus oWhen a cell divides, chromatin condenses to form ____________________. o_______________contain the ________________ that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. Slide 9 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Nucleus oMost nuclei also contain a _________________. oThe nucleolus is where the ______________ _______begins. Nucleolus oNucleus Review Slide 10 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Ribosomes oRibosomes oOne of the most important jobs carried out in the cell is making proteins. oProteins are assembled on ___________. o______________are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. Slide 11 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Ribosomes oRibosomes produce proteins by following _______ _______________ that come from the ___________. oCells that are active in protein synthesis are often packed with ribosomes. o ________________ o ________________ Slide 12 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Endoplasmic Reticulum oEndoplasmic Reticulum oEukaryotic cells contain an internal membrane system called the___________ ____________________________. oThe endoplasmic reticulum is where __________________________________ ________, along with _____________ __________________________________ from the cell. Slide 13 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Slide 14 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Endoplasmic Reticulum oThere are two types of ______________________. oThe portion of the ER involved in ______________ is called ___________________________________. o_______________are found on the surface of rough ER. oRough ER is abundant in cells that produce ______ ________________________________________. Slide 15 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Endoplasmic Reticulum o______________________________on its surface. o_______________ contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks, such as __________ __________________________________________. Slide 16 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Golgi Apparatus oGolgi Apparatus oProteins produced in the rough ER move into the __________________. Slide 17 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Golgi Apparatus oThe Golgi apparatus appears as a _____________ __________________________________________. Slide 18 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Golgi Apparatus oThe Golgi apparatus ____________________ _________________________________________ ______________________________for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. oFrom the Golgi apparatus, proteins are then “________” to their final destinations throughout the cell or outside of the cell. oVideo review Slide 19 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Lysosomes oLysosomes o_______________ are small organelles filled with enzymes. oLysosomes ____________________________ ______________________________that can be used by the rest of the cell. oLysosomes also __________________________ ________________________________________. Slide 20 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Vacuoles oVacuoles oSome cells contain saclike structures called _______________ that _____________________ ________________________________________. Slide 21 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Vacuoles oIn many plant cells there is a single, large ______ _____________ filled with liquid. oThe ____________ _______________allows plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers. Vacuole Slide 22 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure oVacuoles are also found in some unicellular organisms and in some animals. Vacuoles Contractile vacuole oThe paramecium contains a __________ ____________that _____ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________. Slide 23 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Mitochondria and Chloroplasts oMitochondria oNearly all eukaryotic cells contain __________________. oMitochondria convert the chemical energy stored in food ________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ Mitochondrion Slide 24 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Mitochondria and Chloroplasts oMitochondria are enclosed by two membranes—an __________________________________________ ______________. oThe inner membrane (_____) is ___________ inside the organelle. Slide 25 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure oChloroplasts Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Chloroplast oPlants and some other organisms contain___________. oChloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called _________________. Slide 26 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Mitochondria and Chloroplasts oChloroplasts are surrounded by _______________. oChloroplasts contain the green pigment _________________. Slide 27 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton oCytoskeleton oEukaryotic cells are given their shape and internal organization by the __________________. Slide 28 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to_________ ______________. The cytoskeleton is also involved in ________________. The cytoskeleton is made up of: • ___________________ • ___________________ Slide 29 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 30 of 49 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton Microfilaments Microfilaments: • are threadlike structures made up of the protein ____________. • form extensive networks in some cells. • __________________________________ that supports the cell. • _____________________________. Slide 31 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton Microtubules _____________________ are hollow structures made up of proteins known as tubulins. Microtubules: • Maintain__________________. • are important in ______________________. • build projections from the cell _____________ ____________________ —that enable some cells to swim rapidly through liquids. Slide 32 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cytoskeleton oIn animal cells, structures known as ___________ are formed from tubulin. o_________________ are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division. Slide 33 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 34 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA is usually visible as a. a dense region called the nucleolus. b. the nuclear envelope. c. granular material called chromatin. d. condensed bodies called chloroplasts. Slide 35 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Two functions of vacuoles are storing materials and helping to a. break down organelles. b. assemble proteins. c. maintain homeostasis. d. make new organelles. Slide 36 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Chloroplasts are found in the cells of a. plants only. b. plants and some other organisms. c. all eukaryotes. d. most prokaryotes. Slide 37 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus? a. synthesize proteins b. modify proteins c. sort proteins d. package proteins Slide 38 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 7-2 Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? a. manufactures new cell organelles b. assists in movement of some cells from one place to another c. releases energy in cells d. modifies, sorts, and packages proteins Slide 39 of 49 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION
