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Name ______________________________ Date _____________________________ Period ____ 1. Where does CR take place? Mitochondria and Cytoplasm a. Where does glycolysis take place? Cytoplasm b. Where does the Krebs cycle take place? Mitochondria c. Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place? Mitochondria d. Where does fermentation take place? Cytoplasm 2. What is the equation for CR? 6O2 + C6H12O6 Energy (ATP & Heat) 6 CO2 + 6H2O 3. How much energy is captured as ATP? What is the rest released as? What % is that? 32 ATP Per glucose. 34% ATP and 66% Heat 4. What is a calorie? What is a kilocalorie? Ability to heat 1g water 1oC. Ability to heat 1kg water 1oC 5. I have 2000 calories. How many liters of water can I raise one degree Celsius? Name ______________________________ Date _____________________________ Period ____ 2 6. What is a redox reaction? Adding and removing electrons a. What is oxidation? Removing electrons b. What is reduction? Adding electrons 7. Describe glycolysis. The splitting of glucose into two different pyruvate molecules 8. Draw a picture of something that represents glycolysis that has nothing to do with science. 9. What goes into glycolysis? Sugar, NAD+ 10. What comes out of glycolysis? Pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP Name ______________________________ Date _____________________________ Period ____ 11. What are the two main pathways that can be followed after glycolysis? What is the main difference between them? Aerobic – Uses O2 Anaerobic – Does not use O2 12. What happens after glycolysis if there is no oxygen? Fermentation (Alcoholic or Lactic Acid) 13. Describe the two types of fermentation. Lactic acid – Pyruvate turns to lactic acid and NAD+ Alcoholic – Pyruvate turns to ethyl alcohol, CO2 and NAD+ 14. What types of cells does lactic acid fermentation happen in? Animal and some bacterial 15. What types of cells does alcoholic fermentation happen in? Fungal, Plant and some bacterial a. What is yeast? A fungus that can perform alcoholic fermentation 16. What do we use alcoholic fermentation to create? Breads, Wine, Yogurts Cheese 17. Describe the pre Krebs cycle. Pyruvate goes to Acetyl CoA and loses a carbon as CO2 a. What goes into the pre Krebs cycle? Name ______________________________ Date _____________________________ Period ____ Pyruvate, NAD+ b. What comes out of the pre Krebs cycle? Acetyl CoA, CO2 and NADH c. What is released as a byproduct from the pre Krebs cycle? CO2 18. Describe the Krebs cycle. Acetyl CoA enters and is combined with other molecules to create ATP, NADH, FADH2 and CO2 a. What goes into the Krebs cycle? Acetyl CoA, NAD+, FADH+, ADP + P b. What comes out of the Krebs cycle? CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, ATP c. What is another name for the Krebs cycle? Citric Acid Cycle 19. What is the first compound that is created in the Krebs cycle? Citric Acid (Citrate) 20. Electrons are stored and carried in what two molecules? Where are these molecules brought? FADH2 and NADH brought to oxidative phosphorylation 21. What is oxidative phosphorylation? Name ______________________________ Date _____________________________ Period ____ The electron transport chain creates a large concentration gradient of protons (H+ ions) that will be pumped through ATP synthase to create large amounts of ATP a. What goes into OP? NADH, FADH2 and O2 b. What comes out of OP? NAD+, FADH+ and H20 c. Describe the movement of electrons in OP They move through the electron transport chain and are DE energized. d. Describe the movement of H+ ions (protons) in OP They are pumped from the matrix (low concentration) to the intermembrane space (high concentration) 22. What is really responsible for the creation of ATP in OP? What is that step called? The concentration gradient of H+ ions. Chemiosmosis 23. Where is the concentration gradient of H+ ions built up? Intermembrane space 24. What is ATP Synthase? Molecule that attaches ADP + P into ATP 25. Is ATP synthase something that uses substrate level phosphorylation? If not, what steps do? No. Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle Name ______________________________ Date _____________________________ Period ____ Glycolysis Pre Citric Acid 2 ATP 2NADH 2NADH 2 CO2 Citric Acid Oxidative Phosphorylation 2 ATP 28 ATP 6NADH Uses NADH 2 FADH2 Uses FADH2 4 CO2 Totals 32 ATP 6 CO2 6 H20 6 H20