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Cells: Parts and their Functions
 What is a cell?
What are the parts of a cell?
What are different types of cells?
 Where are cells found?
 Compare and contrast animal cells
and plant cells
Robert Hooke
 In 1665, he was
looking at a thin slice
of cork under a
microscope, and he
thought they looked
like rooms so he called
them cells.
Cell
 basic unit of structure and function
of all living things
Epithelial Cells in culture:
red is keratin and green is DNA
What do cells do?
 All living things are made of cells.
 To stay alive and healthy, cells need food and
water. They also need a way to get rid of
waste.
 Tiny cells in your body have many smaller
parts that work together.
Microscopic
 things, like cells, that
can only be seen with a
microscope
Cell Parts
 cell membrane
 nucleus
 cytoplasm
 vacuoles
 mitochondria
 Golgi bodies and endoplasmic reticulum
Organelle
 a structure that has a specific task within the
cell
Cell Membrane
 thin cell covering that holds the parts of the
cell together
Nucleus
 organelle that determines a cell’s activities
and carries information for cell reproduction
Cytoplasm
 the gel-like material that surrounds the
internal parts of the cell
Vacuole
• An organelle that stores materials
Mitochondria
 small rod-like structures that help change
food to energy
 “little factories of the cell”
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Organelle Functions
Each cell structure (organelle) is like a separate department within a
factory. All departments have to do their jobs for the factory to run
properly.
Organelle
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Golgi Bodies and
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Function
Protects cell and
transport
Cell control center and
reproduction
Fills the cell
Stores materials
Provide energy (from sugars)
transport
Plant Cell
All cells, animal and plant, have these organelles
and have the same functions in each.
NUCLEUS
MITOCHONDRIA
CELL MEMBRANE
VACUOLE
CYTOPLASM
Plant Cell
Unlike animal cells, plant cells have a cell wall
and chloroplast. Photosynthesis happens in
chloroplast.
NUCLEUS
CELL WALL
MITOCHONDRIA
CELL MEMBRANE
CHLOROPLAST
VACUOLE
CYTOPLASM
Cell Wall
 helps support and protect the plant cell
 Animals have skeletons to give support to
their body, but plants do not have bones.
CELL WALL
Chloroplast
 uses the energy of the sunlight to combine
water and carbon dioxide to make food for the
cell through a process called photosynthesis
 gives the plant its green color
CHLOROPLAST
Single-celled and Multi-celled
Organisms
 Plants and animals, including humans,
are made up of many millions of cells.
 Many other living things are made up of
only one cell.
 Yet both types of organisms carry out all
the basic processes of life.
Single-celled Organisms
 made up of only one cell that are microscopic
 Examples: bacteria, amoebas, protist, and
others
Bacteria
 a very large group of single-celled organisms
that do not have a nucleus
Amoeba
 one kind of single-celled organism that does
not have a nucleus
 Amoebas move by
changing their shape.
Protist
 a single-celled organism
 Some protists are plantlike and some are
animal-like.
Euglena
 single-celled organisms with flagella
 flagella – tail-like parts that move them
forward
 They have chloroplast so they can make their
own food.
Paramecium
 single-celled organisms that
move with cilia
 cilia – hair-like structures that
help them move
 Paramecium is large enough
that you can see it with your
eyes, but it will look like a tiny
speck.
Multicelled Organism
 made up of more than one cell
 more complex than single-celled organisms
 each cell has a different job to do
 muscle cells, white blood cells, and nerve cells