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The Cell
Review of Cell Theory
Organelles of Plant and Animal Cells
Review of Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of cells.
2. Cells are made from other cells.
3. Cells carry out the basic structure
and function of all living things.
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotes
• First cells to evolve
• No nucleus
• Heredity information
is contained in the
cytoplasm
• Ex: Bacteria
Eukaryotes
• Evolved from
prokaryotes
• Have a nucleus
• Heredity information
contained within the
nucleus
• Ex: Plants, Animals
and Fungi
The Cell Organelles
Tiny, membrane-bound structures
that perform special functions
inside the cell.
Cell Wall
•Only found
surrounding plant,
fungal and bacteria
cells.
•Provides support
and protection for
the cell.
Cell
Membrane
•Surrounds all cells!
•In a plant cell, it lies
beneath the cell wall.
•Provides the cell
with protection and
controls the
movement of
materials in and out
of the cell.
Nucleus
•Found in both plant
and animal cells.
•Large, oval shape.
•Centrally located in
the cell.
•Controls cell
activities.
•Contains genetic
information (DNA).
Nuclear membrane
Cytoplasm
•Found in both plant
and animal cells.
•Clear, thick, jelly-like
material.
•Located beneath the
cell membrane.
•Supports and
protects the
organelles.
Golgi Apparatus
•Found in both plant
and animal cells.
•Looks like a
flattened stack of
membranes
•Processes and
packages molecules,
like proteins, that
were made by the
cell.
Ribosomes
•Found in both plant
and animal cells.
•Can be attached to
the Endoplasmic
membrane or
floating free in the
cytoplasm.
•Produces proteins.
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
•Found in both plant and
animal cells.
Rough
•Network of tubes…like a
city’s highway!
•Transports material
throughout the cell.
•Two types:
•Rough (covered with
ribosomes)
•Smooth (no ribosomes)
Smooth
Mitochondria
•Found in both plant
and animal cells.
•Looks like a
jellybean.
•Breaks down sugar
molecules to release
energy.
Vacuoles
•Found in both plant
and animal cells.
•In plant cells: very
few and very large.
•In animal cells: many
little ones.
•Fluid-filled sacs.
•Store food, water
and waste.
Lysosomes
•Found only in animal
cells.
•Small and round in
shape.
•Breaks down larger
food molecules into
smaller ones.
•Digests old cell
parts.
Chloroplasts
•Found only in plant
cells.
•Oval shaped.
•Green in color due
to chlorophyll.
•Uses energy from
sun to make food for
the plant.
Animal Cells
Plant Cells