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Cells
Chapter 1.4
Organelles in Plant and Animal Cells
Cell wall
• Protects the cell.
• Gives the cell its
shape.
• Found in plants, algae,
fungi, and most
bacteria.
Cell/Plasma Membrane
• Protective layer around ALL cells.
• For cells with cell walls, the cell
membrane is inside the cell wall.
• Allows food, oxygen, and water into
the cell and waste products out of
the cell.
Cytoskeleton
• Scaffolding-like
structure in cytoplasm.
• Helps the cell maintain
or change its shape.
• Made of protein.
Nucleus
• Directs all cell activities.
• Contains instructions for
everything the cell does.
• These instructions are
found on a hereditary
material called DNA.
Nucleolus
• Found within the
nucleus.
• Responsible for the
production of
ribosomes.
Chloroplasts
• Contain a green pigment,
chlorophyll, that captures light
energy from the sun used to
produce glucose.
• Found only in plant cells.
Mitochondria
• The powerhouse of a cell.
• Energy is released by
breaking down glucose.
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
Pause and Think
Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria.
Why would these cells need so many
mitochondria?
Ribosomes
• Make proteins.
• Float freely or attached
to the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER).
• Ribosomes are made in
the nucleolus.
Endoplasmic reticulum
• A series of folded membranes
that move proteins around in a
cell.
• Smooth ER – ribosomes NOT
attached to ER.
• Rough ER – ribosomes attached
to ER.
Golgi apparatus
• Stacked and flattened
membranes.
• Function is to sort, package
and ship proteins that are
produced in the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Vacuoles
• Temporary storage
spaces.
• Store food, water,
waste.
Vacuole
Lysosomes
• Membrane-bound sacs containing enzymes
responsible for:
• The digestion of material in food vacuoles.
• The destruction of foreign bodies entering the cell (e.g.
bacteria).
• The breakdown of cell structures when the cell dies.
Homework
Cell Organelles:
Complete the task sheet by sorting the
function cards and memory items.
Cut and paste the cards for each
corresponding organelle.