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Transcript
Active and Passive Transport Notes Outline • I. Compare and Contrast a) Passive b) Active • II. Passive Transport a) Diffusion b) Facilitated Diffusion c) Osmosis • III. Active Transport • IV. Bulk Transport a) Exocytosis b) Endocytosis 1. 2. Pinocytosis Phagocytosis I. Compare and Contrast • Passive Transport – Movement of molecules through the cell membrane which does NOT require energy • Active Transport – Movement of molecules through cell membrane which DOES require energy. II. Passive Transport a) Diffusion: – Natural movement of molecules from HIGH concentrations to LOW concentrations – Uses channel proteins • Ex: gas exchange at the alveoli — oxygen from air to blood, carbon dioxide from blood to air. b) Facilitated Diffusion: – Movement of SPECIFIC molecules using a SPECIFIC CARRIER PROTEIN II. Passive Transport c) Osmosis: – Example of diffusion – Movement of WATER from HIGH concentrations of WATER to LOW concentrations of WATER II. Passive Transport c) Osmosis: – Solution concentrations 1. ISOtonic: cell has equal amount of solutes as its surroundings 2. HYPERtonic: cell has lower concentration of solutes than its surroundings WATER LEAVES CELL 3. HYPOtonic: Cell has higher concentration of solutes than its surroundings WATER ENTERS CELL III. Active transport • REQUIRES ENERGY = ATP • Molecules move from LOW concentrations to HIGH concentrations • OR when a cell has to move large particles into or out of the cell – Sodium-Potassium Pump in nerve cells – Re-absorption of glucose, amino acids, and salts in nephron of kidney IV. Bulk Transport • Examples of active transport a) Exocytosis: releasing particles from the cell – Ex: the golgi apparatus packages mucous, hormones, or other proteins and then releases the packages through the plasma membrane IV. Bulk Transport b) Endocytosis: cell surrounds the substances and then pulls them into the cell 1. Pinocytosis: take in small particles or fluid (Ex: roots 2. Phagocytosis: take in large particles like bacteria or other cells