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Name: ________________________________ Date: ___________________________ Science 8 Review (Biology) Sources of reference: Your notes and handouts; Our website (www.msgiacometti.weebly.com); your teacher; your peers. I. CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 1. List, describe, and give an example of the six characteristics of living things (acronym: GRRUPT) Acronym Characteristic Description Specific Example G R R U P T 2. Complete the following sentence, using the proper scientific vocabulary term: Biotic is to living, as ______________________ is to non-living. 3. In the “Science Court” video, a chicken bone was considered to be dead (was once living), while the leather wallet was not. What was the distinguishing difference between the two items? __________________________________________________________________________________________________ II. CELL THEORY 1. The three components of the cell theory are: i. _____________________________________________________________________________________ ii. _____________________________________________________________________________________ iii. _____________________________________________________________________________________ III. TYPES OF CELLS 1. Cells are classified into three main categories: i. _______________________; ii. __________________________; and iii. archebacteria 2. Bacteria are classified as which of the above? _____________________________________________________ 3. What do eurkaryotes have that prokaryotes don’t? ________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Answer True or False to each of the following. Wherever you answer False, write a complete statement which would make it true. a. Bacteria are used in the production of food for human consumption __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Prokaryotic cells are also known as viruses __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ d. Most bacteria are not harmful __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ e. Viruses and bacteria are common examples of eurkaryotic organisms. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ f. Prokaryotic cells have more cell parts than eukaryotic cells. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ g. Pathogenic bacteria cause disease and infection. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ h. Bacteria are larger than most eurkaryotic cells. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ i. Antibiotics are medicines used to kill viruses. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ j. A microbe is an organism which cannot be seen without the aid of a microscope. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Identify the following parts on the diagram of a bacterium (below) Bacterial Cell Parts List: 6. 7. Capsid DNA or RNA Cell wall Cell membrane Flagellum Pilli Cytoplasm Ribosome Identify the cell part from question 5, responsible for each of the following functions: a. Helps the bacterium to move about its environment __________________________________________ b. Helps the bacterium to stick to surfaces ____________________________________________________ c. Controls the functioning of the cell ________________________________________________________ d. Regulates what goes into and out of the cell ________________________________________________ e. Protects the cell from harmful stuff surrounding it ___________________________________________ Match the following diagrams of bacteria shapes with their scientific name (bacilli, cocci, or spirilli) A. B. C. ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ 8. Look at the partially completed concept map below. The ovals contain the concept words. Beside each arrow is a linking phrase. Use words from the Word List to fill in the concepts and linking phrases that are missing from the concept map. Word List the cell organelles that stores photosynthesis occurs of the control centre that produces the contents of the cell mitochondrion chloroplast that protects cell vacuole 9. Label the parts of a plant cell (below) 10. Label the parts of an animal cell (below) 11. Review the function of cell organelles, and determine if they are present () in either Animal or Plant cells. Note: The organelles in the shaded area of the table are for extension(bonus) only – not tested in grade 8. Cell Part Description Cell membrane The structure that protects the cell and controls the movement of particles into and out of the cell. Cell wall A tough, rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane. Cytoplasm A jelly-like substance containing organelles, water, and other life-supporting materials. Nucleus The organelle that controls all the activities within a cell. Mitochondrion The energy-producing organelle in the cell. Chloroplast The organelle that traps the energy from the Sun and changes it into chemical energy. Vacuole The organelle that performs several functions, such as temporary storage of substances and water regulation. Vacuoles tend to be larger in plant cells. Vesicle A membrane-bound sac that is smaller than a vacuole. Vesicles move materials into, out of, and around the inside of the cell. Endoplasmic reticulum A network of membrane-covered channels in the cytoplasm that transport materials. Golgi body The organelle that packages some materials for transport inside the cell or for transport out of the cell. Lysosome The organelle that contains digestive enzymes that help the cell break down large particles and old worn-out cell organelles. Ribosome The organelle that assembles materials called proteins. Present in Animal Cell? Present in Plant Cell? 12. Use the Venn Diagram below to compare and contrast a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell IV: VIRUSES 1. Study and review the Mini-booklet on viruses (first page title is “Concept Covered: Introduction to Viruses”) 2. Answer True or False to each of the following. Wherever you answer False, write a complete statement which would make it true. a. A virus is not a cell __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. Viruses can reproduce on their own. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Virus particles are made up of genetic material surrounded by a cell membrane. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ d. Viruses carry on most of the regular functions of a eukaryotic cell. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ e. Viruses always have a negative impact on their host cells. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ f. Viruses are responsible for such human diseases as chicken pox, small pox, and the flu. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ g. Antibiotics are a good course of treatment for viral infections. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ h. The average virus particle is larger than the average bacterium. __________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The following sentences are not placed in the correct order. Rearrange them to create an explanation of how vaccines work to protect us from a viral infection like the measles. _____ You come in contact with active, contagious, measles virus. _____ You are injected with a weakened or inactive form of the measles virus. _____ Your immune system is now programmed to make antibodies to fight measles virus. _____ Your body is tricked into thinking you have the measles virus and your immune system creates antibodies which fight it. _____ Your immune system immediately recognizes the virus and makes loads of antibodies which fight it off before you become sick. 4. What are some of the most effective ways to combat the spread of viral infection in humans? 5. How can vaccines affect the impact of viral infections on the human population? Last (but not least), please be sure to study your Bacteria and Viruses Outline handout prior to this unit test. Good Luck!!!!