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Transcript
First Edition Book Title Subtitle Lorem Ipsum Dolor Facilisis The Anatomy of a Cell 1 Table of Contents: 1. The nucleus 2. The plasma membrane 3. The cytoplasm 4. Cytoplasmic Organelles The Nucleus The parts of the Nucleus The Nucleus 1. The largest organelle in the cell 2. Contains genetic (DNA) material and the information for protein synthesis 3. Divides during Mitosis - used for growth of new cells Nuclear membrane - double layered membrane, contains nuclear pores for large molecules to enter/exit. Nucleoplasm - fluid like matrix filling the nuclues Chromatin - loosely coiled fibers containing continuous DNA molecules Nucleolus - a dense area consisting on mostly RNA and protein. The site of Ribosome production. 2 Section 2 The Plasma Membrane Types of membrane proteins: Receptor proteins: Receive and transmit messages into a cell Integral proteins: Form pores, channels, and carriers in cell membrane Plasma Membrane 1. Selectively permeable outermost limit of the cell. Enzymes: Signal transduction 2. Phospholipid bi-layered membrane with protein and large molecules imbedded in it. 3. Impermeable to water soluble molecules such as amino acids, sugars, proteins, nucleic acids and various ions. These must pass through protein channels or be carried into or out of the cell by active transport Cellular adhesion molecules: Enable cells to stick to each other Cell surface proteins: Establish self (cell identity) 3 Plasma Membrane images Phospholipid bilayer Integral membrane proteins Fluid mosaic model 4 Types of Intercellular Junctions Tight Junctions: Close space between two cells by fusing the cell membrane ! Ex: Cells that line the inside of the small intestine Desmosomes: Bind cells by forming ‘spot welds’ between cell membranes ! Ex: Cells of the outer layer skin Gap junctions: Form tubular channels between cells that allow substances to be exchanged ! Ex: Muscle cells of the heart and digestive tract 5 Section 3 Cytoplasm Cytoplasm 1. Organelles suspended in clear liquid called cytosol. 2. Contains rods, tubules called cytoskeleton to create structure. 3. Where most cell activity occurs. 6 Cytoplasmic Organelles Organelles Used For Protein Synthesis 1. Ribosomes - particles composed of protein and RNA -combines amino acids to make proteins 2. Endoplasmic Reticulum - complex of connected membraneous sacks. transports materials within cells 3. golgi apparatus - packages, modifies and sorts proteins for final preparations. 4. DONT FORGET ALL INSTRUCTIONS COME FROM THE DNA IN THE NUCLEUS 7 Organelles for movement and energy creation: - Mitochondria - releases ATP created from the conversion of glucose - Flagella - cell projection that is used for movement. Found in sperm cells. - Cilia - protections attached to basal membranes that propel or move fluids over cell surfaces - Centrosomes - composed of two rod like centrioles - responsible for distributing chromosomes during mitosis. 8 Other organelles 9