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First Edition
Book Title
Subtitle
Lorem Ipsum Dolor Facilisis
The Anatomy of a
Cell
1
Table of Contents:
1. The nucleus
2. The plasma membrane
3. The cytoplasm
4. Cytoplasmic Organelles
The Nucleus
The parts of the Nucleus
The Nucleus
1. The largest organelle in the cell
2. Contains genetic (DNA) material and the
information for protein synthesis
3. Divides during Mitosis - used for growth of new
cells
Nuclear membrane - double layered membrane, contains nuclear pores for large molecules to enter/exit.
Nucleoplasm - fluid like matrix filling the nuclues
Chromatin - loosely coiled fibers containing continuous DNA molecules
Nucleolus - a dense area consisting on mostly RNA
and protein. The site of Ribosome production.
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Section 2
The Plasma
Membrane
Types of membrane proteins:
Receptor proteins: Receive and transmit messages into a cell
Integral proteins: Form pores, channels, and carriers in cell
membrane
Plasma Membrane
1. Selectively permeable outermost limit of the cell.
Enzymes: Signal transduction
2. Phospholipid bi-layered membrane with protein
and large molecules imbedded in it.
3. Impermeable to water soluble molecules such as
amino acids, sugars, proteins, nucleic acids and
various ions. These must pass through protein
channels or be carried into or out of the cell by
active transport
Cellular adhesion molecules: Enable cells to stick to each other
Cell surface proteins: Establish self (cell identity)
3
Plasma Membrane images
Phospholipid bilayer
Integral membrane proteins
Fluid mosaic model
4
Types of Intercellular Junctions
Tight Junctions: Close space between two cells by fusing the cell membrane
!
Ex: Cells that line the inside of the small intestine
Desmosomes: Bind cells by forming ‘spot welds’ between cell membranes
!
Ex: Cells of the outer layer skin
Gap junctions: Form tubular channels
between cells that allow substances to
be exchanged
!
Ex: Muscle cells of the heart and
digestive tract
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Section 3
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
1. Organelles suspended in clear liquid called
cytosol.
2. Contains rods, tubules called cytoskeleton to
create structure.
3. Where most cell activity occurs.
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Cytoplasmic
Organelles
Organelles Used For Protein Synthesis
1. Ribosomes - particles composed of protein and
RNA -combines amino acids to make proteins
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum - complex of
connected membraneous sacks. transports
materials within cells
3. golgi apparatus - packages, modifies and
sorts proteins for final preparations.
4. DONT FORGET ALL INSTRUCTIONS COME
FROM THE DNA IN THE NUCLEUS
7
Organelles for movement and energy
creation:
- Mitochondria - releases ATP created
from the conversion of glucose
- Flagella - cell projection that is used for
movement. Found in sperm cells.
- Cilia - protections attached to basal
membranes that propel or move fluids
over cell surfaces
- Centrosomes - composed of two rod
like centrioles - responsible for distributing chromosomes during mitosis.
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Other organelles
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