Download Life Science Study Guide

Life Science Study Guide
Review your vocabulary.
Be able to answer the following questions.
Why do scientists classify animals?
To classify means to sort or group
Scientists classify animals based on common characteristics such as antenna,
number of legs, wings, backbones, etc.
It show scientists how organisms are alike or different.
How are vertebrates and invertebrates different? Give examples of each.
Vertebrates are animals with a backbone. They include mammals, birds, reptiles,
amphibians, and fish.
Invertebrates are animals without a backbone or spine. They include animals like
octopus, squid, insects, worms, jellyfish, and lobster.
Invertebrate classification groups include mollusks and arthropods.
Vertebrates have a backbone, but an invertebrate does not have a backbone.
Vertebrates can be large like an elephant, but invertebrates are small unless they
live in the water.
What are the characteristics of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish?
Warm blooded means that animals have a constant temperature.
Cold blooded means that animals temperature changes depending on their
surroundings.
Mammals are warm-blooded, have fur, have lungs, were born alive, and females feed
milk to their young.
Examples: dogs, cats, dolphins, whales, humans, elephants
Birds are warm blooded, have feathers, have lungs, lay eggs, have a beak and 2 feet,
Examples: eagles, ravens, crows, robins, cardinals, geese, ducks
Reptiles are cold-blooded, have scaly skin, have lungs, lay rubbery eggs, and live
mostly on land.
Examples: turtle, alligators, crocodiles, snakes, lizards
Amphibians are cold-blooded, have moist skin, and lay eggs. At the beginning of
their lives, they have gills and live in the water. Then they develop lungs and live on
the land.
Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders
Fish are cold-blooded, lay eggs, live in the water, and have gills.
Examples: sharks, flounder, goldfish
How are plants classified? Give examples of both groups.
Plants are classified by whether they have tissues that carry food and water or
not.
Vascular plants have tissues that carry food and water. These tissues support the
plant, so they can grow tall.
Examples: carnations, trees, grass, flowers
Nonvascular plants do not have tissues that carry food and water. They stay very
short and grow close to water. They will not have flowers or seeds.
Examples: moss, liverwort
What does an animal cell look like? What organelles/ parts are found in an animal cell?
An animal cell could have many different shapes. They can be more circular, or very
irregular in shape.
The organelles--o Cell membrane- the flexible, outer boundary. It protects what comes in and
out of the cell.
o Nucleus—the “brain” or control center of the cell; it tells the cell what to do
o Cytoplasm—the jelly like inside of the cell. It cushions all the other
organelles.
o Mitochondria—the energy source for the cell.
o Vacuole—the storage spot for food, water, and waste. There are multiple,
small vacuoles in an animal cell.
What does a plant cell look like? What organelles/ parts are found in a plant cell?
A plant cell is more rectangular, box-like shape.
The organelles--- It has all the same as animal cells, but a few extra.
o Cell wall- the stiff outermost boundary. It helps give the cell its shape.
o Cell membrane- the flexible boundary. It protects what comes in and out of
the cell.
o Nucleus—the “brain” or control center of the cell; it tells the cell what to do
o Cytoplasm—the jelly like inside of the cell. It cushions all the other
organelles.
o Mitochondria—the energy source for the cell.
o Vacuole—the storage spot for food, water, and waste. There are only 1-2.
They are larger than in an animal cell.
o Chloroplasts- the sack that holds the chlorophyll.
o Chlorophyll- the green coloring that helps the cell make food for itself.
How are animal cells different from plant cells?
Plant cells have all the same organelles (parts) as an animal cell, but it also has a cell
wall, chloroplasts and chlorophyll.
Animal cells have multiple vacuoles, but plants cells have only 1-2 vacuoles.
Animal cells have smaller vacuoles than plant cells.
Animal cells have an irregular shape and can vary in shape, but plant cells have a
box-like shape.
Animal cells are smaller in size than a plant cell.
How are single-celled organisms different from multi-celled organisms?
Both—can move, have nucleus, have cytoplasm.
Single-celled organisms have only one cell, but multi-celled organisms have more
than one cell.
Single-celled organisms have one cell that has to do everything, but in a multi-celled
organism the cells can specialize (focus on only one job).
Plants and animals are multi-celled organisms.