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Exam Topics for EBIO 1210, Exam 3
Cell Division (Lectures 10 and 11)
The cell cycle and functions of cell division.
1. List several biological functions or processes in which cell division plays a key role.
2. Explain reasons why the cell cycle must be regulated in order for any human to be
healthy during growth, development, and maintenance of the body.
3. Draw a diagram or flow chart of the order of the major processes and steps involved
in the cell cycle (including mitosis). What are the major events in each step?
4. Understand the concept of “checkpoints” as applied to the cell cycle
Types of cell division and processes involved in cell division.
5. Draw pictures of what is happening to cells and chromosomes during the major steps
involved in accomplishing mitosis; draw pictures of what is happening to cells and
chromosomes during the major steps involved in accomplishing meiosis.
6. Compare and contrast the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis.
Chromosomes
7. Be able to explain what a chromosome is to someone who is not a biologist.
8. Describe where chromosomes are in the cell, what they are made of
9. Describe what happens to chromosomes during the cell cycle and mitosis
10. Describe what happens to chromosomes during meiosis.
11. Explain the relationship between a DNA molecule, a chromatid, and a chromosome.
12. Define and understand the concept of ploidy (haploid vs. diploid)
13. Describe how a zygote has some chromosomes that were “paternally inherited” and
some chromosomes that were “maternally inherited”
14. Explain how the chromosomal makeup of an offspring produced by sexual
reproduction differs from that of its parents
15. Describe three main processes that create genetic variation in the offspring produced
from sexual reproduction
DNA and its replication
The structure of the DNA molecule (Lecture 10)
16. Know the basic structure of DNA in terms of the three fundamental building blocks
(nitrogenous base, five-carbon sugar, phosphate group), and how those building
blocks go together to make a polymer.
17. Know how hydrogen bonds hold a DNA molecule together and how the pattern of
hydrogen bonding gives rise to Chargaff’s rule.
18. Understand what is meant by the polarity of a DNA molecule (5’ vs. 3’ ends), and
why we say that two strands of a DNA molecule run “antiparallel” to one another.
DNA replication (Lecture 15)
19. Describe how the DNA molecule itself acts as a “template” for accurate replication
and why the process is called “semi-conservative.”
20. List the basic steps that must be accomplished in order to replicate DNA.
21. Explain the functions of single-strand binding proteins, helicase, primase, a primer,
and DNA polymerase
22. Compare and contrast DNA replication in bacteria vs. eukaryotes.
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23. Describe how consequences—such as differences between “leading” and “lagging”
strands—arise from the DNA molecule’s polarity and the unidirectional synthesis
performed by enzymes during replication.
Biotechnology (Lecture 15)
24. Explain why DNA moves through gel electrophoresis and why DNA molecules of
different sizes travel at different speeds through the gel
25. Calculate the number of double-stranded DNA molecules produced after a given
number of PCR cycles
Genes and Mendelian Genetics (Lectures 13 and 14)
Mendel’s “laws” explain (some) patterns of heredity
26. Relate Mendel’s “law of segregation” to the behavior of genes and chromosomes
during meiosis.
27. Relate Mendel’s “law of independent assortment” to the behavior of chromosomes
during meiosis; describe a situation in which the “law” of independent assortment
would be violated.
Breeding experiments allowed early geneticists to study and “map” genes, even though
there was no way to “see” the genes themselves
28. Draw pictures of cells going through the processes of meiosis and sexual
reproduction, keeping track of different alleles of different genes on different
chromosomes; be able to do this for a cross in a parental (“P”) generation, “F1 hybrid
cross”, “F1 dihybrid cross”, and “testcross”.
29. Predict patterns of heredity and phenotypes for crosses involving genotypes that have
various combinations of dominant and recessive alleles.
30. Use ratios of phenotypes produced from specific crosses to test hypotheses about (i)
genotypes of parents, (ii) dominant vs. recessive traits and alleles, and (iii) gene
linkage.
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