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10/15/2015 Found In - Pro/Eukaryotes - Plants Cell Wall • Description: – Rigid outer layer – Outside of cell membrane • Function: – Support – Protection – Helps cell maintain its shape • Analogy Specialized Cell Structures – Brick wall around a city – Walls around a house Cell Membrane • Description: – Outside covering of cell made of lipid bilayer • Function: – Barrier between cell and its environment – Controls what substances can enter or leave the cell – Provides support and protection, especially in cells without a cell wall • Analogy Found In - Pro/Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Ribosomes • Description: – Made of protein and RNA – Very small, spherical shaped • Function: – Make proteins • Analogy – Factory – City Limits Found In - Pro/Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Found In - Pro/Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Cytoplasm Found In - Pro/Eukaryotes - Animals Flagella • Description: – Jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles • Function: – Fills space between organelles – Contains materials needed by the organelles • Description: – Long, thread-like extension of a cell • Function: – Helps cell move • Analogy – Fish tail • Analogy – Space around the buildings and structures in the city 1 10/15/2015 Found In - Pro/Eukaryotes - Animals Nucleus Cilia • Description: – Short, hair-like projection on the cell surface • Function: – Used to sweep away things from the cell surface or help the cell move through fluid • Analogy – A broom • Description: – Core, central portion of cell • Function: – Contains genetic information (DNA) – Directs cell activities • Analogy – City Hall Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Nuclear Membrane (Envelope) • Description: – Double-layer membrane surrounding the nucleus • Function: – Separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm • Analogy – Walls of City Hall Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants Chloroplast • Description: – Oval or bean shaped structure with green color • Function: – Helps capture sunlight to produce food (energy) for plants • Analogy – Solar-powered Power Plant Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Nucleolus • Description: – Round structure within nucleus – Made of protein and RNA • Function: – Makes ribosomes • Analogy – Factory Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Golgi Apparatus • Description: – Flattened sacs called cisternae • Function: – Modifies and packages materials created in the cell for transport (inside or outside of the cell) • Analogy – Post Office Special Notes • Have own DNA • Surrounded by 2 membranes 2 10/15/2015 Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Lysosome Mitochondrion Special Notes • Have own DNA • Surrounded by 2 membranes • Description: • Description: – Small sacs • Function: – Use digestive enzymes to breakdown old/wornout organelles, viruses or bacteria, and/or food particles • Analogy – Garbage trucks – Spherical or rodshaped – Inner and outer membranes • Function: – Converts sugars into ATP (energy) for the cell • Analogy – Power Plant Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Plastid • Description: • Description: – Double-membrane bound organelle • Examples: chloroplast, amyloplast, chromoplast • Function: – Involved in food storage or photosynthesis; function depends mostly upon which pigments present • Function: are – Helps make and transport new proteins to Golgi apparatus or outside of the cell • Analogy • Analogy – Grocery Store – Food Pantry Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Description: – System of membranous tubes and sacs • Function: – – – – – System of membranous tubes and sacs with ribosomes on the surface (making it appear rough) Makes lipids Creates and stores steroids Stores ions that cells might need Metabolizes carbohydrates • Analogy – Processing Plant Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals – Highways Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Vacuole • Description: – Sacs: smaller in animal cells, larger in plant cells • Function: – Store a variety of things such as water, nutrients, or waste products • Analogy – Storage Building 3 10/15/2015 Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Vesicle • Description: – Small sacs • Function: – Stores, transports, or digests materials within the cell • Analogy – 18 Wheeler Found In - Eukaryotes - Plants/Animals Cytoskeleton • Description: – Flexible network of protein filaments that crisscross entire cell • Microtubules • Microfilaments • Intermediate filaments • Function: – Structural support – Enable cells to move & divide – Aids in movement of organelles • Analogy – Roads 4