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Name Date Section 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Main Idea Central Dogma I found this information . on page (continued) Details Compare and contrast RNA and DNA by writing at least five characteristics of their structure and composition in the Venn diagram. Accept all reasonable responses. SE, pp. 336–337 RE, pp. 134–135 RNA DNA Both single strand; has ACUG for bases; uracil binds with adenine has ribose are nucleic acids; have sugars, but nucleotides, A C G different ones double strand; has ACTG for bases; thymine binds with adenine has deoxyribose leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores must remain in the nucleus State the central dogma of biology. Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. "One gene makes one protein!" DNA codes for RNA mRNA amino acid chain directs the synthesis of Compare the function of each type of RNA molecule by completing the table. Type of RNA mRNA proteins polypeptide enzymes Function copy from the DNA the nucleus to the carry genetic information fromin the messenger cytoplasm to direct protein synthesis rRNA ribosomal form part of the ribosome tRNA transfer carry amino acids to the ribosome Sequence the steps in transcription of RNA. A portion of the DNA molecule unzips. RNA polymerase joins RNA nucleotides using the DNA strand as a template. The mRNA strand is released and the DNA strands rejoin. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. Molecular Genetics 125 Name Date Section 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Main Idea (continued) Details The Code, One Gene— One Enzyme I found this information . on page SE, pp. 338–341 RE, pp. 135–138 Identify four examples of codons and state the instructions they encode. 1. (GCU) alanine 2. (AAA) lysine 3. (AUG) methionine, tells the ribosome that this is the start of the amino acid chain 4. (UAA) stop, tells ribosome that this is the end of the amino acid chain Model the movement of tRNA molecules showing the translation process. State the updated version of Beadle and Tatum’s hypothesis. One gene one polypeptide codes for S UMM ARIZE Create a flow chart to describe the formation of a protein. Describe the activities of DNA and the three types of RNA. Accept all reasonable responses. DNA issues instructions messenger RNA brings instructions from DNA to the cytoplasm ribosomal RNA binds to the mRNA transfer RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosome to be made into a protein the rRNA uses the instructions to assemble the amino acids in the right order 126 Molecular Genetics . Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Diagrams should show tRNA molecules moving to a ribosome while carrying amino acids. As each amino acid bonds, the tRNA moves away to bring another amino acid.