Download natural selection

G3
Computer
HAPPY FRIDAY
BELLWORK:
Write down “set up notecards”
Have out your Notecard Sticker Sheet. Lay out
your notecards (definition side up) on your desk
6x6, “Adaptation” needs to be top left card.
Unit 6 – Evolution
Definitions Due Monday (1/11/16)
All Parts Due Friday (1/15/16)
1. Adaptation
13.Evolution
2. Anatomical Homologies
14.Fitness
3. Ancestry
15.Fossil Record
4. Artificial Selection
16.Founder Effect
5. Biodiversity
17.Gene Flow
6. Biogeography
18.Gene Pool
7. Bottleneck Effect
19.Genetic Drift
8. Charles Darwin
20.Genetic Variation
9. Common Descent
21.Gradualism
10.Developmental Homologies 22.Homologous Structures
11.Disruptive Selection (Graph) 23.Homology
12.Directional Selection (Graph)24.Limiting Factor
PG 86
25.Migration
26.Molecular Homologies
27.Natural Selection
28.Non-Random Mating
29.Overpopulation
30.Recombination
31.Reproductive Success
32.Speciation
33.Stabilizing Selection (Graph)
34.Stasis
35.Theory
36.Vestigial Structure
Essential Question
Can I differentiate the type of
evolution from real life
examples?
Standard
B.7C - Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in populations, not
individuals.
B.7E - Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the
development of diversity in and among species.
Scenarios
Mix-Freeze-Group
Genetic
Mutation
Natural
Selection
Small
Population
Non-Random
Mating
• I am going to survive! Because I have the best genes for my
environment.
• I am HUGELY affected by genetic drift.
• I am VERY picky. I will only choose you, because your traits
are most attractive to me.
• I am a mistake in the DNA sequence
You will work in groups of 2 or 3
to identify what mechanism the
following scenarios describe. You
will need one sheet of paper per
group and number it 1-13. Write
all names on it.
2. The DNA sequence in a bird is changed from ATT CCG
TTG to TTA CCG TTG which changes the beak shape
from long and thin to short and fat.
4.
Northern elephant seals were hunted almost to
extinction by people in the 1890s. The remaining
population has reduced genetic variation.
5. A lioness joins a new pride and has cubs with the
male lion.
6. A small group of birds flies from the mainland to an
island and starts a new colony. (The birds never return
to the mainland.)
1. Amish people are required by their religion to only
marry and have children with other Amish people.
2. Peppered moths are eaten by birds. The moth color
varies from light to dark. Light colored moths can
blend in with a nearby species of tree. In the 1800s
factories released large amounts of soot, which
changed the tree color, so the birds were able to
more easily find the lighter moths instead of the
darker moths.
6. In 2012, the Yalta Zoo in the Ukraine took ownership
of 5 white lion cubs. White lions are caused by a
reduced pigmentation (skin color). A very rare
occurrence.
7. American bison were once very prevalent in North
America, but were hunted close to extinction in the late
1800's. Though the population is recovering, the rapid
decrease in population size has led to a population with
very little genetic variability
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T014608A.gif
WHICH PATTERN IS IT?
coevolution
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
The Galápagos finches evolved through natural
selection from a common ancestor into a wide
variety of different looking species with different
kinds of beaks
divergent evolution
WHICH PATTERN IS IT?
coevolution
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
Hummingbirds have a beak just the right length
to reach the nectar in a cardinal flower and as
they feed their foreheads bump into the pollen
structure. Cardinal flowers are red which
hummingbirds can see, but bees can’t, and
their pollen structure is at just the right height
for the hummingbird to pick up pollen as it
feeds.
coevolution
WHICH PATTERN IS IT?
coevolution
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
Whales, sharks, and penguins all
have streamlined bodies and
fins/flipper for moving in water even
though they belong in different
animal groups (mammals, fish, and
birds)
Convergent evolution
WHICH PATTERN IS IT?
coevolution
convergent evolution
Beaver
Beaver
NORTH AMERICA
Muskrat
Muskrat
Beaver and
Muskrat
Coypu
Capybara
SOUTH AMERICA
Coypu
divergent evolution
BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine Pearson Publishing
divergent evolution
Beaver in North
America and capybara
in South America are
closely related species
living in very different
environments that have
evolved to look
different
over time.
WHICH PATTERN IS IT?
coevolution
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
The tortoises on the Galapagos
islands share a common ancestor,
but over time they have become
adapted for obtaining food in
different habitats on different
islands by having different neck
lengths
divergent evolution
You need a
whiteboard, expo
marker, and a wiping
tissue.
1. _______________ is defined as
change in a gene pool over time.
• artificial selection
• natural selection
• homologous structures
• vestigial organs
• Darwin
• Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
1. evolution is defined as change over
time.
• artificial selection
• natural selection
• homologous structures
• vestigial organs
• Darwin
• Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
2. _______________ contributed more
to our understanding of evolution than
anyone else.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
2. Darwin
contributed more to our understanding
of evolution than anyone else.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
3. _______________is selection by
humans for breeding of useful traits
from the natural variation among
different organisms.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
3. artificial selection
is selection by humans for breeding of
useful traits from the natural variation
among different organisms.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
4. _______________ is the ability of an
organism to survive and reproduce in
its environment.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
4. fitness is the ability of an organism to
survive and reproduce in its
environment.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
5. An _______________ is any
inherited characteristic that increases
an organism’s chance of survival.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
5. An adaptation is any inherited
characteristic that increases an
organism’s chance of survival.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well
suited to their environment die. Individuals that are
better suited to their environment survive and
reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this
process _______________.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well
suited to their environment die. Individuals that are
better suited to their environment survive and
reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this
process natural selection.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
7. _______________ is a principle that
each living species has descended, with
changes, from other species over time.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
7. descent with modification is a principle
that each living species has descended,
with changes, from other species over time.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
8. According to the principle of
_______________, all species – living
and extinct – were derived from
common ancestors.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
8. According to the principle of
common descent, all species – living
and extinct – were derived from
common ancestors.
•
•
•
•
•
•
artificial selection
natural selection
homologous structures
vestigial organs
Darwin
Lamarck
•
•
•
•
•
•
adaptation
evolution
common descent
descent with modification
fitness
biological diversity
9. The following phrases are from a
game of telephone. Which biology
concept(s) does this illustrate?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dark forest
Dark force
Damp forest
Dan put forest
9. The following phrases are from a
game of telephone. Which biology
concept(s) does this illustrate?
evolution
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dark forest
Dark force
Damp forest
Dan put forest
10. A population of tortoises inhabits
an island filled with small shrubby
bushes and vegetation that is located
off of the ground. Within the
population of tortoises are individuals
with short, medium, and long necks.
Which of the individuals will leave
behind the most offspring?
10. A population of tortoises inhabits
an island filled with small shrubby
bushes and vegetation that is located
off of the ground. Within the
population of tortoises are individuals
with short, medium, and long necks.
Which of the individuals will leave
behind the most offspring? Long necks
11. A type of antibiotic is used to fight
an nasty sinus infection. The 10 day
prescription kills 99% of the bacteria.
The patient feels better but in a few
days their infection is back from the
remaining bacteria reproducing.
Explain why the doctor would not
prescribe the same antibiotic.
11. A type of antibiotic is used to fight an nasty
sinus infection. The 10 day prescription kills 99%
of the bacteria. The patient feels better but in a
few days their infection is back from the
remaining bacteria reproducing. Explain why the
doctor would not prescribe the same antibiotic.
The 1% of bacteria that survived was immune and passed
on the “immunity trait” to the new population of
bacteria. (natural selection)
12. Copy the statement and indicate if it is
true or false
Natural selection will occur more quickly
when resources are limited.
13. Copy the statement and indicate if it is
true or false
Natural selection will occur more
quickly when populations reproduce
slowly
14. Copy the statement and indicate if it is
true or false
Natural selection will occur more
quickly when competition is minimal
15. Copy the statement and indicate if it is
true or false
Natural selection will occur more
quickly when populations have many
genetic variations
12 - 15. Copy the statement and indicate if it
is true or false
12. Natural selection will occur more quickly when
resources are limited True
13. Natural selection will occur more quickly when
populations reproduce slowly False
14. Natural selection will occur more quickly when
competition is minimal False
15. Natural selection will occur more quickly when
populations have many genetic variations False
16. Indicate (Y/N) if the situation would
cause natural selection to occur for
each situation.
A. Limited amount of food supply
B. Decreased competition for mates
C. Reduced material and space for shelter
D. Increased fighting for resources
16. Indicate (Y/N) if the situation would cause
natural selection to occur.
• Limited amount of food supply Yes
• Decreased competition for mates No
• Reduced material and space for shelter Yes
• Increased fighting for resources Yes
17. How is the
organism in the
picture adapted to its
environment?
17. How is the organism
in the picture adapted to
its environment?
Spines protect from
predators, no leaves
(stores water in the
plant), etc.
18. How is the organism in the picture
adapted to its environment?
18. How is the organism in the picture
adapted to its environment?
Smell discourages predators, coloring
discourages predators
19. Explain how humans caused wolves to
evolve into dogs.
19. Explain how humans caused wolves
to evolve into dogs.
People only bred wolves with traits they
wanted (cuteness, tameness, etc). Over
many generations wolves evolved into
dogs.
20. Which
type of
selection is
modeled by
the blue and
green lines?
a. Stabilizing
b. directional
c. disruptive
20. Which type of
selection is
modeled by the
blue and green
lines?
a. stabilizing
b. directional
c. disruptive
21. In shallow water among rocks light-colored oysters
are less easy for a predator to see because they match
the rock color. Dark-colored oysters blend into the
shadows cast by the rocks. Intermediate-colored
oysters are most heavily preyed upon by the crabs, and
very light and very dark oysters survive to reproduce
Which type of selection is modeled above?
a. stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive
21. In shallow water among rocks light-colored oysters
are less easy for a predator to see because they match
the rock color. Dark-colored oysters blend into the
shadows cast by the rocks. Intermediate-colored
oysters are most heavily preyed upon by the crabs, and
very light and very dark oysters survive to reproduce
Which type of selection is modeled above?
a. stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive
Sad, but True
22. It is well known that early mortality is common for extreme birth
weights. Both very large and very small infants suffer high mortality
rates. This is an example of ______________ selection.
a. stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive
Sad, but True
22. It is well known that early mortality is common for extreme birth
weights. Both very large and very small infants suffer high mortality
rates. This is an example of ___________ selection.
a. stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive
23. Why are mutations important in all
species?
23. Why are mutations important in all
species?
Mutations are the source of new traits.
24. Which of the following is not evidence of
a common ancestor?
• Vestigial Structures
• Same biogeography
• Similar embryonic structures
• Similar gene sequences
• Similar prey
• Homologous structures
24. Which of the following is not evidence of
a common ancestor?
• Vestigial Structures
• Same biogeography
• Similar embryonic structures
• Similar gene sequences
• Similar prey
• Homologous structures
25. Which of the following can not be
learned from the fossil record?
(2 answers)
• Where an organism lived
• The ancestors of organisms
• The chronological order of their existence
• The full range of their variations
• The climate in which they existed
• All the different species that existed
25. Which of the following can not be
learned from the fossil record?
(2 answers)
• Where an organism lived
• The ancestors of organisms
• The chronological order of their existence
• The full range of their variations
• The climate in which they existed
• All the different species that existed
26. Name that term!
• What do we call the geographical distribution of a species?
26. Name that term!
• What do we call the geographical distribution of a species?
Biogeography
27. Which of the following does not
apply to Natural selection?
(4 answers)
• Survival advantage
• Survival disadvantage
• Phenotype
• Genotype
• Choice traits/adaptations
• Change in Individuals
• Acquired traits
• Variety
• Competition
• Over Reproduction
• Inherited Traits
• Sudden Change
• Change in Populations
• Mutations
27. Which of the following does not
apply to Natural selection?
(4 answers)
• Survival advantage
• Survival disadvantage
• Phenotype
• Genotype
• Choice traits/adaptations
• Change in Individuals
• Acquired traits
• Variety
• Competition
• Over Reproduction
• Inherited Traits
• Sudden Change
• Change in Populations
• Mutations
28. Scientists at Texas A&M University have discovered how to insert a
“maroon gene” into the genetic material of a Bluebonnet that causes it
to grow maroon-colored. As this flower reproduces, it forms additional
maroon flowers. Which evolutionary process is represented in this
scenario? (hint: today’s bellwork)
28. Scientists at Texas A&M University have discovered how to insert a
“maroon gene” into the genetic material of a Bluebonnet that causes it
to grow maroon-colored. As this flower reproduces, it forms additional
maroon flowers. Which evolutionary process is represented in this
scenario? (hint: today’s bellwork)
Recombination
29. Short answer
• Why is variation important in a species?
29. Short answer
• Why is inherited variation important in a species?
It is essential for natural selection to result in a new species.
30. A wildflower population consisting of blue, purple,
and pink flowers is subjected to a mudslide that kills
most of the blue ones. As time progresses, blue flowers
eventually die out, leaving only purple and pink
wildflowers.
This is an example of
A. Bottleneck effect
C. Genetic drift
B. Speciation
D. Gene Flow
30. A wildflower population consisting of blue, purple,
and pink flowers is subjected to a mudslide that kills
most of the blue ones. As time progresses, blue flowers
eventually die out, leaving only purple and pink
wildflowers.
This is an example of
A. Bottleneck effect
C. Genetic drift
B. Speciation
D. Gene Flow
31. How does Genetic Drift differ from natural selection?
31. How does Genetic Drift differ from Natural Selection?
Genetic Drift are organisms dying by chance. Natural Selection is
organisms being selected by nature/environment for specific traits
that are well adapted to that habitat.
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
32. The North American kangaroo rat,
Australian hopping mouse, and North African and
Asian jerboa have developed adaptations for hot desert
environments; these include a small rounded body
shape with very large hind legs and long thin tails, a
characteristic bipedal hop, and nocturnal, burrowing
and seed-eating behaviors.
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
32. The North American kangaroo rat,
Australian hopping mouse, and North African and
Asian jerboa have developed adaptations for hot desert
environments; these include a small rounded body
shape with very large hind legs and long thin tails, a
characteristic bipedal hop, and nocturnal, burrowing
and seed-eating behaviors.
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
33. The Afrikaner population of Dutch settlers in South
Africa is descended mainly from a few colonists from
the Netherlands. Today, the Afrikaner population has
an unusually high frequency of the gene that causes
Huntington’s disease, because those original Dutch
colonists just happened to carry that gene with
unusually high frequency.
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
33. The Afrikaner population of Dutch settlers in South
Africa is descended mainly from a few colonists from
the Netherlands. Today, the Afrikaner population has
an unusually high frequency of the gene that causes
Huntington’s disease, because those original Dutch
colonists just happened to carry that gene with
unusually high frequency.
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
34. A human foot evolved to be very different from a
monkey's foot, despite their common primate ancestry.
It is speculated that a new species (humans) developed
because there was no longer was a need for swinging
from trees. Upright walking on the ground required
alterations in the foot for better speed and balance.
These differing traits soon became characteristics that
evolved to permit movement on the ground. Although
humans and monkeys are genetically similar, their
natural habitat required different physical traits to
evolve for survival.
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
34. A human foot evolved to be very different from a
monkey's foot, despite their common primate ancestry.
It is speculated that a new species (humans) developed
because there was no longer was a need for swinging
from trees. Upright walking on the ground required
alterations in the foot for better speed and balance.
These differing traits soon became characteristics that
evolved to permit movement on the ground. Although
humans and monkeys are genetically similar, their
natural habitat required different physical traits to
evolve for survival.
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
35. American bison were once very prevalent in North
America, but were hunted close to extinction in the late
1800's. Though the population is recovering, the rapid
decrease in population size has led to a population with
very little genetic variability
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
35. American bison were once very prevalent in North
America, but were hunted close to extinction in the late
1800's. Though the population is recovering, the rapid
decrease in population size has led to a population with
very little genetic variability
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
36. One single rough-skinned newt produces enough
toxins to kill 100 humans. So you would think that
nothing could eat these animals, but you would be
wrong! Common garter snakes are able to eat these
newts. Over time, these snakes have become resistant
to the toxins of these newts.
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
36. One single rough-skinned newt produces enough
toxins to kill 100 humans. So you would think that
nothing could eat these animals, but you would be
wrong! Common garter snakes are able to eat these
newts. Over time, these snakes have become resistant
to the toxins of these newts.
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
37. As the result of a catastrophic earthquake, many
brown-haired people are killed, but a proportionately
lower number of blonde-haired people are killed,
resulting in the births of more blonde-haired babies.
A. Founder Effect
B. Bottleneck effect
C. Co-Evolution
D. Convergent Evolution
E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift
37. As the result of a catastrophic earthquake, many
brown-haired people are killed, but a proportionately
lower number of blonde-haired people are killed,
resulting in the births of more blonde-haired babies.