Evolution Unit Practice Test
... 69. When a population is NOT evolving, it is in a situation called _________________________. 70. For speciation to occur, populations must be ____________________ isolated from each other. 71. If two populations have been reproductively isolated and can no longer breed and produce fertile offsprin ...
... 69. When a population is NOT evolving, it is in a situation called _________________________. 70. For speciation to occur, populations must be ____________________ isolated from each other. 71. If two populations have been reproductively isolated and can no longer breed and produce fertile offsprin ...
From the "Modern Synthesis" to cybernetics: Ivan Ivanovich
... was built on the basis of Kiev University. One year later Schmalhausen was elected into the All-Ukrainian Academy of Science, which was organized in 1918 by Vladimir I. Vernadsky (1863–1945), the founder of biogeochemistry (Sytnik et al., ’88). In 1924 Schmalhausen became head of the Microbiology In ...
... was built on the basis of Kiev University. One year later Schmalhausen was elected into the All-Ukrainian Academy of Science, which was organized in 1918 by Vladimir I. Vernadsky (1863–1945), the founder of biogeochemistry (Sytnik et al., ’88). In 1924 Schmalhausen became head of the Microbiology In ...
On Magnus Hirschfeld, Rabindranath Tagore, and the Critique of
... the sexual organs and the secondary sexual characteristics, to the sexual drive and the way psychological traits are articulated in culture.22 Given that in Hirschfeld's new distributional scheme sexual difference is not determined in relation to one single excluded alternative (male or female), but ...
... the sexual organs and the secondary sexual characteristics, to the sexual drive and the way psychological traits are articulated in culture.22 Given that in Hirschfeld's new distributional scheme sexual difference is not determined in relation to one single excluded alternative (male or female), but ...
The Chances of Evolution: An Analysis of the Roles of Chance in
... reason to favor one side over the other. Instead, I will argue that a more philosophically defensible position argues neither for the fundamental determinacy nor indeterminacy of the evolutionary process. However, I suggest that even without making these kinds of empirical claims concerning the det ...
... reason to favor one side over the other. Instead, I will argue that a more philosophically defensible position argues neither for the fundamental determinacy nor indeterminacy of the evolutionary process. However, I suggest that even without making these kinds of empirical claims concerning the det ...
Ecological Speciation
... Threespine stickleback fish, with their diverse populations adapted to different habitats, had provided a number of examples of how adaptive divergence can promote ecological speciation [24, 25]. Indeed, work on this group has fundamentally shaped our modern understanding of ecological speciation [1–3 ...
... Threespine stickleback fish, with their diverse populations adapted to different habitats, had provided a number of examples of how adaptive divergence can promote ecological speciation [24, 25]. Indeed, work on this group has fundamentally shaped our modern understanding of ecological speciation [1–3 ...
“History of Evolutionary Thought” Game Cards: 3 pts. Darwin
... in gradualism, in which it was theorized that geological features were formed by the weathering of the lithosphere over a long period of time? 4 pts. Who developed a nearly identical theory of natural selection around the same time as Darwin? 4 pts. Who purported that populations have the potential ...
... in gradualism, in which it was theorized that geological features were formed by the weathering of the lithosphere over a long period of time? 4 pts. Who developed a nearly identical theory of natural selection around the same time as Darwin? 4 pts. Who purported that populations have the potential ...
Geographically patterned variation in diapause and its relationship
... demonstrated are few and well-known. In the classic case of industrial melanism in the peppered moth, Biston betularia, field experiments have shown that pigmentation matching tree color increases fitness by reducing predation pressure from birds (Kettlewell 1956, Grant et al 1998, Majerus 1998). Fu ...
... demonstrated are few and well-known. In the classic case of industrial melanism in the peppered moth, Biston betularia, field experiments have shown that pigmentation matching tree color increases fitness by reducing predation pressure from birds (Kettlewell 1956, Grant et al 1998, Majerus 1998). Fu ...
Bias in Psychotherapy with BDSM Clients
... thoroughly it is clear that this assumption is based upon misconceptions about both the diagnostic criteria and the behaviors of BDSM participants. Most people with a BDSM orientation have sex without BDSM elements at least some of the time (Cutler, 2003) while others enjoy the sensations connected ...
... thoroughly it is clear that this assumption is based upon misconceptions about both the diagnostic criteria and the behaviors of BDSM participants. Most people with a BDSM orientation have sex without BDSM elements at least some of the time (Cutler, 2003) while others enjoy the sensations connected ...
Speciation Speciation Speciation Speciation
... traits themselves lead to assortative mating. For example, if the traits involve utilizing different resources and mating tends to happen around resources, then individuals with extreme traits will naturally mate with similar individuals. Over time, if sufficiently strong assortative mating evolves, ...
... traits themselves lead to assortative mating. For example, if the traits involve utilizing different resources and mating tends to happen around resources, then individuals with extreme traits will naturally mate with similar individuals. Over time, if sufficiently strong assortative mating evolves, ...
Darwin, Galton and the Statistical Enlightenment
... were the major national scientific events of the year. By the 1880s the British Association for the Advancement of Science had over 4000 members, with Sections devoted to mathematical and physical science, chemical science, geology, biology, geography, economic science and statistics, mechanical scie ...
... were the major national scientific events of the year. By the 1880s the British Association for the Advancement of Science had over 4000 members, with Sections devoted to mathematical and physical science, chemical science, geology, biology, geography, economic science and statistics, mechanical scie ...
A parasitic selfish gene that affects host promiscuity
... load will be a function of the rate of non-Mendelian inheritance and host outcrossing rate (see box 6.1 in [1], which assumes HEG neutrality). While selection will primarily operate on the propensity to drive, in theory selection will also operate to decrease HEGs’ effects on host fitness if this co ...
... load will be a function of the rate of non-Mendelian inheritance and host outcrossing rate (see box 6.1 in [1], which assumes HEG neutrality). While selection will primarily operate on the propensity to drive, in theory selection will also operate to decrease HEGs’ effects on host fitness if this co ...
Evolutionary mysteries in meiosis.
... for definition) [54]. Several candidate genes that may affect such modifications have been ...
... for definition) [54]. Several candidate genes that may affect such modifications have been ...
Evolution Review
... ____ 58. Research shows that in the case of the orchid and its pollinator wasp discussed in the text, a. wasps are attracted to the orchid because the flower secretes a sex-attractant molecule. b. wasps receive nectar when they attempt to copulate with the flowers. c. several species of wasps compet ...
... ____ 58. Research shows that in the case of the orchid and its pollinator wasp discussed in the text, a. wasps are attracted to the orchid because the flower secretes a sex-attractant molecule. b. wasps receive nectar when they attempt to copulate with the flowers. c. several species of wasps compet ...
Veblen and Darwinism
... on the faith that nothing happens without a cause and that every cause has an effect’. This applies to human intentionality as well as everything else. Contrary to widespread belief, causal explanation does not mean that intentions are ignored in Darwinism; it simply means that they are caused, and ...
... on the faith that nothing happens without a cause and that every cause has an effect’. This applies to human intentionality as well as everything else. Contrary to widespread belief, causal explanation does not mean that intentions are ignored in Darwinism; it simply means that they are caused, and ...
From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution
... with Darwinism historically, biologically and philosophically; even more so if one finally proposes a critique of assumptions central to current Darwinian paradigms. Interdisciplinary work requires specialized devotion to various fields, merely to gain an overview of pertinent research – be it on th ...
... with Darwinism historically, biologically and philosophically; even more so if one finally proposes a critique of assumptions central to current Darwinian paradigms. Interdisciplinary work requires specialized devotion to various fields, merely to gain an overview of pertinent research – be it on th ...
Is Organismic Fitness at the Basis of Evolutionary Theory?
... use of trait fitness in the literature and the wide variety of ways in which it is defined, that Sober is quite right to argue that trait fitness is an important component of the conceptual foundations of evolutionary theory. But, as noted in the introduction, we take issue with his claim that trai ...
... use of trait fitness in the literature and the wide variety of ways in which it is defined, that Sober is quite right to argue that trait fitness is an important component of the conceptual foundations of evolutionary theory. But, as noted in the introduction, we take issue with his claim that trai ...
convergence, recurrence and diversification of
... in evolutionary arms races. Many species of the hermaphroditic flatworm of the genus Macrostomum participate in reciprocal matings that terminate with a sucking behavior to remove sperm and seminal fluids deposited by the mating partner (Schärer et al. 2004). Stiff lateral bristles on sperm, a trai ...
... in evolutionary arms races. Many species of the hermaphroditic flatworm of the genus Macrostomum participate in reciprocal matings that terminate with a sucking behavior to remove sperm and seminal fluids deposited by the mating partner (Schärer et al. 2004). Stiff lateral bristles on sperm, a trai ...
The evolution of conspecific gamete precedence and its effect on
... precedence is expected to reduce the cost of heterospecific matings for females, it does not reduce such costs for ...
... precedence is expected to reduce the cost of heterospecific matings for females, it does not reduce such costs for ...
Drugs That Affect Sexuality
... negative or positive effects on libido or performance. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has rarely required any in-depth review of this sensitive subject. Nevertheless, reports of sexual dysfunction do occasionally end up in the medical literature. This is especially true for men because when ...
... negative or positive effects on libido or performance. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has rarely required any in-depth review of this sensitive subject. Nevertheless, reports of sexual dysfunction do occasionally end up in the medical literature. This is especially true for men because when ...
1. Describe how Freud`s three levels of mental life relate to his
... 84. According to Freud, a girl's wish to be a boy or to have a baby A. indicates feminine identification. B. results from a mature superego. C. is an expression of penis envy. D. is called the complete Oedipus complex. E. is an unnatural condition. 85. Freud believed that a little girl's Oedipal wi ...
... 84. According to Freud, a girl's wish to be a boy or to have a baby A. indicates feminine identification. B. results from a mature superego. C. is an expression of penis envy. D. is called the complete Oedipus complex. E. is an unnatural condition. 85. Freud believed that a little girl's Oedipal wi ...
Evolutionary mysteries in meiosis.
... Recombination may not be a crucial difference between one- and two-step meiosis as both can involve COs, even if, with one CO, the two meiotic products carry recombinant chromosomes in one-step meiosis, whereas only two out of four are recombinant in two-step-meiosis [33]. Three hypotheses have been ...
... Recombination may not be a crucial difference between one- and two-step meiosis as both can involve COs, even if, with one CO, the two meiotic products carry recombinant chromosomes in one-step meiosis, whereas only two out of four are recombinant in two-step-meiosis [33]. Three hypotheses have been ...
UVic Thesis Template - University of Victoria
... traits were scored on a five-scale scheme. Skeletal sex was classified as either male, possible male, indeterminate sex, possible female, or female. Three-dimensional computer models were created of the hip bones using the NextEngine 3D desktop surface scanner. Thirty landmarks were selected to repr ...
... traits were scored on a five-scale scheme. Skeletal sex was classified as either male, possible male, indeterminate sex, possible female, or female. Three-dimensional computer models were created of the hip bones using the NextEngine 3D desktop surface scanner. Thirty landmarks were selected to repr ...
The Philosophy of Sex
... philosophy of sex and love since 1976. That comes to more than twentyfive years: a good portion of my adult life (almost half) and all my postgraduate professional life. You might think that I would be sick of the subject, if not of sex itself, by now—say, by a kind of excitatory habituation. To some ...
... philosophy of sex and love since 1976. That comes to more than twentyfive years: a good portion of my adult life (almost half) and all my postgraduate professional life. You might think that I would be sick of the subject, if not of sex itself, by now—say, by a kind of excitatory habituation. To some ...
Why Natural Selection cannot Explain Rationality
... degree of rationality. Otherwise, the most foolish of fools could be the fittest if the other lineage, speed, buttresses fitness sufficiently given the environmental conditions [see Khalil, 2000]. As such, natural selection may engender a different trait of speed or technology than the one chosen by ...
... degree of rationality. Otherwise, the most foolish of fools could be the fittest if the other lineage, speed, buttresses fitness sufficiently given the environmental conditions [see Khalil, 2000]. As such, natural selection may engender a different trait of speed or technology than the one chosen by ...
Conditions for sympatric speciation
... molluscs. They concluded that sympatric speciation may be an important component in evolutionary diversification for certain taxa, especially those subject to disruptive selection. Bush (1992) argued that non-allopatric speciation (i.e. without geographical isolation) may be common among small anima ...
... molluscs. They concluded that sympatric speciation may be an important component in evolutionary diversification for certain taxa, especially those subject to disruptive selection. Bush (1992) argued that non-allopatric speciation (i.e. without geographical isolation) may be common among small anima ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.