Darwin after Malthus
... The final cause of transmutation was, for Darwin, the maintenance of harmony; and the principal problem he set himself was to find the means by which adaptation is preserved amidst the changes of the external world. This is the burden of the opening pages of the B notebook. Darwin was convinced from ...
... The final cause of transmutation was, for Darwin, the maintenance of harmony; and the principal problem he set himself was to find the means by which adaptation is preserved amidst the changes of the external world. This is the burden of the opening pages of the B notebook. Darwin was convinced from ...
An Update of the International Society of Sexual
... penetration and is considered the most severe form of PE. Such men or couples typically present when they are having difficulty conceiving children. It is estimated that between 5% and 20% of men with lifelong PE suffer from anteportal PE14. The committee recognized that some men who self-diagnose P ...
... penetration and is considered the most severe form of PE. Such men or couples typically present when they are having difficulty conceiving children. It is estimated that between 5% and 20% of men with lifelong PE suffer from anteportal PE14. The committee recognized that some men who self-diagnose P ...
Specious Speciation: Response to Talk Origins Speciation FAQ
... which only have “partial reproductive isolation,” and thus are not members of separate species since “both the genetic data … and the behavioral data presented here suggest that there is gene flow between populations.” The most significant differences amount to “a preference for mating on the host p ...
... which only have “partial reproductive isolation,” and thus are not members of separate species since “both the genetic data … and the behavioral data presented here suggest that there is gene flow between populations.” The most significant differences amount to “a preference for mating on the host p ...
evolutionary genetics of resistance and tolerance to natural
... Abstract. Resistance and tolerance are widely viewed as two alternative adaptive responses to herbivory. However, the traits underlying resistance and tolerance remain largely unknown, as does the genetic architecture of herbivory responses and the prevalence of genetic trade-offs. To address these ...
... Abstract. Resistance and tolerance are widely viewed as two alternative adaptive responses to herbivory. However, the traits underlying resistance and tolerance remain largely unknown, as does the genetic architecture of herbivory responses and the prevalence of genetic trade-offs. To address these ...
A Review of the Literature on Sexual Assault Perpetrator
... Sexual assault continues to be a pervasive problem, both for society in general and within the military community. To assist the Air Force in its continued efforts to combat sexual assault perpetration within its ranks, we conducted a review of the existing empirical literature on adult perpetrators ...
... Sexual assault continues to be a pervasive problem, both for society in general and within the military community. To assist the Air Force in its continued efforts to combat sexual assault perpetration within its ranks, we conducted a review of the existing empirical literature on adult perpetrators ...
Hen`s Teeth and Horse`s Toes
... on individuals, rather than on groups or species. [This is the same argument as in TPT 6, which involved the ratio of male to female offspring.] If natural selection worked on species, it would make “sense” from an energy and resource perspective for males grow just large enough to be able to delive ...
... on individuals, rather than on groups or species. [This is the same argument as in TPT 6, which involved the ratio of male to female offspring.] If natural selection worked on species, it would make “sense” from an energy and resource perspective for males grow just large enough to be able to delive ...
prey community
... Increasing the number of interacting species could affect predator–prey evolution via ecological and genetic constraints. First, competition for the shared prey is likely to affect the relative abundance of each competing predator species, which will then affect the strength of selection that every ...
... Increasing the number of interacting species could affect predator–prey evolution via ecological and genetic constraints. First, competition for the shared prey is likely to affect the relative abundance of each competing predator species, which will then affect the strength of selection that every ...
The Elusive Clone – In Search of Its True Nature and Identity
... are the conditions that have to be matched? Chapter 8 deals with the phenomena of geographic parthenogenesis and presents a new theory on how hybridisation could have caused the patterns in both plants and animals. The third part of the book deals with more philosophical questions, which have noneth ...
... are the conditions that have to be matched? Chapter 8 deals with the phenomena of geographic parthenogenesis and presents a new theory on how hybridisation could have caused the patterns in both plants and animals. The third part of the book deals with more philosophical questions, which have noneth ...
Intimate Discrimination - University of Toronto Faculty of Law
... participants in the lawmaking process. New York is unique in the world, however, in including asexuality in its law. Although there is a plausible normative case for prohibiting discrimination on the basis of asexuality, there is a common intuition that asexuality is a poor fit with existing antidis ...
... participants in the lawmaking process. New York is unique in the world, however, in including asexuality in its law. Although there is a plausible normative case for prohibiting discrimination on the basis of asexuality, there is a common intuition that asexuality is a poor fit with existing antidis ...
Chapter 15: Evolution
... Overpopulation • Within a population, there are more offspring produced in each generation than can possibly survive SACCONE IS THE COOLEST ...
... Overpopulation • Within a population, there are more offspring produced in each generation than can possibly survive SACCONE IS THE COOLEST ...
DOBZHANSKY ON EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS
... resisted Darwin's reliance on the Malthusian mechanism of intra-specific competition. Many of those from whom Dobzhansky first learned evolutionary biology denied the importance of intraspecific competition as a major cause of evolutionary change. Not that they denied the importance of competition a ...
... resisted Darwin's reliance on the Malthusian mechanism of intra-specific competition. Many of those from whom Dobzhansky first learned evolutionary biology denied the importance of intraspecific competition as a major cause of evolutionary change. Not that they denied the importance of competition a ...
Sleep and Sex: What Can Go Wrong? A Review of the
... turbation) and its subsequent effect on sleep has been explored with PSG monitoring in one study.11 This study involved 10 vol- unteers (5 men, 5 women;; mean age, 25.1 years) without sleep complaints, psychopathology, or sexual dysfunction. ...
... turbation) and its subsequent effect on sleep has been explored with PSG monitoring in one study.11 This study involved 10 vol- unteers (5 men, 5 women;; mean age, 25.1 years) without sleep complaints, psychopathology, or sexual dysfunction. ...
A Comparative Genomic Study of Human and Chimpanzee
... 7.1 Distribution of Disease-Associated Mutations in p53 . . . . . . . 7.2 Characterization of Selective Constraints on p53 Codon Sites . . 7.3 Mapping Selective Pressures in the Structure of p53 . . . . . . . 7.4 Selective Pressures and Mutations Associated with Cancer in p53 7.5 Testing Association ...
... 7.1 Distribution of Disease-Associated Mutations in p53 . . . . . . . 7.2 Characterization of Selective Constraints on p53 Codon Sites . . 7.3 Mapping Selective Pressures in the Structure of p53 . . . . . . . 7.4 Selective Pressures and Mutations Associated with Cancer in p53 7.5 Testing Association ...
Associations between a one-shot 1 Running Head
... discounting rate of 30-year-old participants with income-matched 70-year-old participants, and found no difference. Combining their findings with those from Green et al. (1994), they hypothesized that discount rate was higher in young adults, declined to age 30, and remained relatively constant afte ...
... discounting rate of 30-year-old participants with income-matched 70-year-old participants, and found no difference. Combining their findings with those from Green et al. (1994), they hypothesized that discount rate was higher in young adults, declined to age 30, and remained relatively constant afte ...
SIGMUND FREUD`S MISSION
... This assumption of the natural right of the man to control his wife's life was part of Freud's views on male superiority. A typical example of this attitude is his criticism of John Stuart Mill. … According to Freud, it was his view "of female emancipation and . . . the woman's question altogether. ...
... This assumption of the natural right of the man to control his wife's life was part of Freud's views on male superiority. A typical example of this attitude is his criticism of John Stuart Mill. … According to Freud, it was his view "of female emancipation and . . . the woman's question altogether. ...
Psychological and Cross-Cultural Aspects of Infertility and Human
... lives [2]. Approximately 1 out of 6 married couples experience infertility. Data gathered by the World Health Organization by demographic and health surveys in developing countries yield an estimate that 186 million married women (excluding China) were infertile in the year 2002 [3]. It might be som ...
... lives [2]. Approximately 1 out of 6 married couples experience infertility. Data gathered by the World Health Organization by demographic and health surveys in developing countries yield an estimate that 186 million married women (excluding China) were infertile in the year 2002 [3]. It might be som ...
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Darwin and Evolutionary Thought
... public evolutionary stance, one has trouble seeing if his big complaint with the Darwinians is that they are wrong or that they have stolen ideas that he (Owen) had all along. Along with the fossils, Darwin was certainly set on the path to evolution by the distributions of the organisms – birds and ...
... public evolutionary stance, one has trouble seeing if his big complaint with the Darwinians is that they are wrong or that they have stolen ideas that he (Owen) had all along. Along with the fossils, Darwin was certainly set on the path to evolution by the distributions of the organisms – birds and ...
list of abstracts
... multi stressor was composed of different combinations of the single stressors). Results from two independent evolution experiments (over one million animals scored) confirmed the hypothesis. B. calyciflorus produced more sexual eggs when adapting to more complex environments. Furthermore, common gar ...
... multi stressor was composed of different combinations of the single stressors). Results from two independent evolution experiments (over one million animals scored) confirmed the hypothesis. B. calyciflorus produced more sexual eggs when adapting to more complex environments. Furthermore, common gar ...
Darwin and His Pigeons. The Analogy Between Artificial and Natural
... a new breed (Sebright, 1809, p. 10). On the other hand Sebright warned against very close inbreeding, as bad characteristics were as effectively passed on by inbreeding as good ones. Bakewell had gone too far in this respect, he felt, and this explained why some of the breeds he had improved tended t ...
... a new breed (Sebright, 1809, p. 10). On the other hand Sebright warned against very close inbreeding, as bad characteristics were as effectively passed on by inbreeding as good ones. Bakewell had gone too far in this respect, he felt, and this explained why some of the breeds he had improved tended t ...
Speciation genetics: current status and evolving approaches
... the number of substitutions separating two species (Orr & Turelli 2001). The emergence of reproductive isolation through BDM is thus expected to be a slow process that gets ever more efficient as time progresses (Coyne & Orr 1997; Price & Bouvier 2002). If the evolution of epistatic BDM incompatibil ...
... the number of substitutions separating two species (Orr & Turelli 2001). The emergence of reproductive isolation through BDM is thus expected to be a slow process that gets ever more efficient as time progresses (Coyne & Orr 1997; Price & Bouvier 2002). If the evolution of epistatic BDM incompatibil ...
Speciation genetics - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
... the number of substitutions separating two species (Orr & Turelli 2001). The emergence of reproductive isolation through BDM is thus expected to be a slow process that gets ever more efficient as time progresses (Coyne & Orr 1997; Price & Bouvier 2002). If the evolution of epistatic BDM incompatibil ...
... the number of substitutions separating two species (Orr & Turelli 2001). The emergence of reproductive isolation through BDM is thus expected to be a slow process that gets ever more efficient as time progresses (Coyne & Orr 1997; Price & Bouvier 2002). If the evolution of epistatic BDM incompatibil ...
Probability in Biology: The Case of Fitness Roberta L. Millstein
... premise that I use the term Struggle for Existence in a large and metaphorical sense, including dependence of one being on another, and including (which is more important) not only the life of the individual, but success in leaving progeny” (1859: 62; emphasis added) and “can we doubt (remembering t ...
... premise that I use the term Struggle for Existence in a large and metaphorical sense, including dependence of one being on another, and including (which is more important) not only the life of the individual, but success in leaving progeny” (1859: 62; emphasis added) and “can we doubt (remembering t ...
The Romantic Conception of Robert J. Richards
... discovered are descendants of probably less than ten parent forms.” In the Origin, Darwin advanced this same conviction that “animals have descended from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number.” This hypothesis, he maintained, was sufficient for his general ...
... discovered are descendants of probably less than ten parent forms.” In the Origin, Darwin advanced this same conviction that “animals have descended from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number.” This hypothesis, he maintained, was sufficient for his general ...
Philosophy of Biology: A Contemporary Introduction
... Is life a purely physical process? Does the theory of natural selection conflict with theism and, if so, how can we rationally choose between them? What is human nature? Which of our traits are essential to us? Biology is the branch of science most immediately relevant to many distinctively human con ...
... Is life a purely physical process? Does the theory of natural selection conflict with theism and, if so, how can we rationally choose between them? What is human nature? Which of our traits are essential to us? Biology is the branch of science most immediately relevant to many distinctively human con ...
Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace, and the Evolution
... Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently discovered natural selection, and a set of common experiences surely contributed to that event. But, there were also major differences in their life-experience as collectors and travelers, their socio-political commitments, and their personal st ...
... Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently discovered natural selection, and a set of common experiences surely contributed to that event. But, there were also major differences in their life-experience as collectors and travelers, their socio-political commitments, and their personal st ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.