Evolution through the Search for Novelty
... As a significant problem in evolutionary computation, deception has inspired many techniques designed to mitigate it. However, nearly all such methods are still ultimately susceptible to deceptive local optima because they still measure progress with respect to the objective, which this dissertation ...
... As a significant problem in evolutionary computation, deception has inspired many techniques designed to mitigate it. However, nearly all such methods are still ultimately susceptible to deceptive local optima because they still measure progress with respect to the objective, which this dissertation ...
Geographically patterned variation in diapause and its relationship
... the loci underlying traits. This critique coincided with growing awareness of Neutral Theory and increased understanding that much biological diversity does not evolve by natural selection (Kimura and Crow, 1964). Evolutionary biology has advanced with a stronger recognition that demonstrating herit ...
... the loci underlying traits. This critique coincided with growing awareness of Neutral Theory and increased understanding that much biological diversity does not evolve by natural selection (Kimura and Crow, 1964). Evolutionary biology has advanced with a stronger recognition that demonstrating herit ...
Increasing Evolvability without the Pressure to Adapt
... evolvability of each organism undergoes a random walk. Thus over time the evolvability of organisms will become differentiated as by chance mutation some become more evolvable and some become less so. However, across the entire population, evolvability will remain constant on average because increas ...
... evolvability of each organism undergoes a random walk. Thus over time the evolvability of organisms will become differentiated as by chance mutation some become more evolvable and some become less so. However, across the entire population, evolvability will remain constant on average because increas ...
From the "Modern Synthesis" to cybernetics: Ivan Ivanovich
... Nikolai A. Vavilov (1887–1943), who disappeared in a prison camp. It was extremely dangerous to criticize Lysenko in this situation. However, first in the Literaturnaja Gazeta6 (1947) and then in his paper at the conference on Darwinism (February 3–8, 1948) Schmalhausen, along with the plant physiol ...
... Nikolai A. Vavilov (1887–1943), who disappeared in a prison camp. It was extremely dangerous to criticize Lysenko in this situation. However, first in the Literaturnaja Gazeta6 (1947) and then in his paper at the conference on Darwinism (February 3–8, 1948) Schmalhausen, along with the plant physiol ...
The Chances of Evolution: An Analysis of the Roles of Chance in
... these meanings arise in our discussions of present-day evolutionary theory: chance in the context of organisms which are fitter, but not more reproductively successful than their less fit counterparts (Chapter 1); chance as ignorance of the real causes (Chapter 2); and chance in the context of vari ...
... these meanings arise in our discussions of present-day evolutionary theory: chance in the context of organisms which are fitter, but not more reproductively successful than their less fit counterparts (Chapter 1); chance as ignorance of the real causes (Chapter 2); and chance in the context of vari ...
From Darwinian Metaphysics towards Understanding the Evolution
... significance. First, it may contribute to a new framework that may allow for the integration of recent biological developments (concerning, for instance, systemtheoretical biology, morphological constraints, Bayesian genetics, and multilevel selection). Moreover, although it cannot be questioned tha ...
... significance. First, it may contribute to a new framework that may allow for the integration of recent biological developments (concerning, for instance, systemtheoretical biology, morphological constraints, Bayesian genetics, and multilevel selection). Moreover, although it cannot be questioned tha ...
Speciation Speciation Speciation Speciation
... pomonella until about 150 years ago, when the fly was observed on cultivated apple trees (introduced to the ...
... pomonella until about 150 years ago, when the fly was observed on cultivated apple trees (introduced to the ...
Adaptive speciation: the role of natural selection in mechanisms of
... isolating mechanisms are adaptations; advocates of the spandrel approach claim that isolating mechanisms are adaptational by-products.9 Nevertheless, in keeping with standard usage, I call both approaches accounts of Ôadaptive speciationÕ, because natural selection drives the evolution of reproducti ...
... isolating mechanisms are adaptations; advocates of the spandrel approach claim that isolating mechanisms are adaptational by-products.9 Nevertheless, in keeping with standard usage, I call both approaches accounts of Ôadaptive speciationÕ, because natural selection drives the evolution of reproducti ...
Iterative development and the scope for plasticity: contrasts
... to environmental transitions often incorporates a long lag time before a new phenotype can be realized, limiting the likelihood that phenotypic plasticity will evolve. In contrast, behavioral responses to changing environments appear to have evolved as first responders to environmental change in anim ...
... to environmental transitions often incorporates a long lag time before a new phenotype can be realized, limiting the likelihood that phenotypic plasticity will evolve. In contrast, behavioral responses to changing environments appear to have evolved as first responders to environmental change in anim ...
Adaptive Speciation: Epilogue
... gets it and we all get over it” (Bush 1998). Indeed, it is now the widely accepted common wisdom that most evolutionary diversification occurred according to the allopatric speciation scenario. However, even though allopatric speciation, with its apparent simplicity, is an intuitively appealing idea ...
... gets it and we all get over it” (Bush 1998). Indeed, it is now the widely accepted common wisdom that most evolutionary diversification occurred according to the allopatric speciation scenario. However, even though allopatric speciation, with its apparent simplicity, is an intuitively appealing idea ...
list of abstracts
... long standing problem in evolutionary biology. Although there are numerous theories for why sex is the most common mode of reproduction, critically few assumptions and predictions of these theories have been tested. Using experimental evolution with the facultative sexual rotifer Brachionus calycifl ...
... long standing problem in evolutionary biology. Although there are numerous theories for why sex is the most common mode of reproduction, critically few assumptions and predictions of these theories have been tested. Using experimental evolution with the facultative sexual rotifer Brachionus calycifl ...
Are Random Drift and Natural Selection - Philsci
... constant from one generation to the next (parent sampling), or whether the population is reduced in size (bottleneck). My suggestion that Beatty’s conceptions of “discriminate sampling” and “indiscriminate sampling” should be spelled out in terms of causal relevance is similar to Hodge’s (1987) posi ...
... constant from one generation to the next (parent sampling), or whether the population is reduced in size (bottleneck). My suggestion that Beatty’s conceptions of “discriminate sampling” and “indiscriminate sampling” should be spelled out in terms of causal relevance is similar to Hodge’s (1987) posi ...
Local differentiation in the defensive morphology of an
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 6, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/098707. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 6, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/098707. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Evolution of Preferences - Northwestern University
... aspect, early studies of preference evolution starting with Güth and Yaari (1992) concentrated on observable preferences and demonstrated the possibility that non-fitness-maximizing preferences and non-Nash outcomes could be evolutionarily stable. A common theme was that certain non-fitness-maximizi ...
... aspect, early studies of preference evolution starting with Güth and Yaari (1992) concentrated on observable preferences and demonstrated the possibility that non-fitness-maximizing preferences and non-Nash outcomes could be evolutionarily stable. A common theme was that certain non-fitness-maximizi ...
Meta-analysis of phenotypic selection on flowering phenology
... 2009). Therefore, all these measures of selection should give qualitatively similar information. Studies from which we did not get the full information (in any form, numeric or in figures) needed to calculate r, were excluded from the analyses. PearsonÕs r was obtained or estimated from all the subs ...
... 2009). Therefore, all these measures of selection should give qualitatively similar information. Studies from which we did not get the full information (in any form, numeric or in figures) needed to calculate r, were excluded from the analyses. PearsonÕs r was obtained or estimated from all the subs ...
Between Zeus and the Salmon
... This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, ...
... This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, ...
Richardson and Chipman 2003
... A further approach to the identification of constraints is to look at the phylogenetic distribution of characters (see ‘‘Constraints in a phylogenetic context’’ below). For example, Eberhard (2001, 2002) examined male sepsid flies and found that they have evolved moveable abdominal lobes, at least t ...
... A further approach to the identification of constraints is to look at the phylogenetic distribution of characters (see ‘‘Constraints in a phylogenetic context’’ below). For example, Eberhard (2001, 2002) examined male sepsid flies and found that they have evolved moveable abdominal lobes, at least t ...
Skipper/Millstein, “Evolutionary Mechanisms” - Philsci
... event itself (i.e., the higher level phenomenon) may be what is productive of change. Ultimately, the issue is not clear; a fuller explication of the nature of a process-mechanism is required (cf. work on causal-mechanical explanation by Salmon 1998; Woodward 2003).4 Shortly after Glennan’s (1996) ...
... event itself (i.e., the higher level phenomenon) may be what is productive of change. Ultimately, the issue is not clear; a fuller explication of the nature of a process-mechanism is required (cf. work on causal-mechanical explanation by Salmon 1998; Woodward 2003).4 Shortly after Glennan’s (1996) ...
Thinking About Evolutionary Mechanisms: Natural Selection
... event itself (i.e., the higher level phenomenon) may be what is productive of change. Ultimately, the issue is not clear; a fuller explication of the nature of a process-mechanism is required (cf. work on causal-mechanical explanation by Salmon 1998; Woodward 2003).4 Shortly after Glennan’s (1996) ...
... event itself (i.e., the higher level phenomenon) may be what is productive of change. Ultimately, the issue is not clear; a fuller explication of the nature of a process-mechanism is required (cf. work on causal-mechanical explanation by Salmon 1998; Woodward 2003).4 Shortly after Glennan’s (1996) ...
Are Random Drift and Natural Selection Conceptually Distinct?
... sampling process; physical differences between organisms in the original population are causally irrelevant to differences in reproductive success that produce the composition of the smaller population. For example, a severe drought might devastate a population of artichokes, killing artichokes with ...
... sampling process; physical differences between organisms in the original population are causally irrelevant to differences in reproductive success that produce the composition of the smaller population. For example, a severe drought might devastate a population of artichokes, killing artichokes with ...
Unit structure - Aqua Units 1-6
... 1.5 Describe effective methods of building combinations of movements 1.6 Describe the principles of group behavior management during water-based sessions 1.7 Describe the effect of levers, gravity, buoyancy, floatation, turbulence and resistance on water-based exercise 1.8 Describe the effect water ...
... 1.5 Describe effective methods of building combinations of movements 1.6 Describe the principles of group behavior management during water-based sessions 1.7 Describe the effect of levers, gravity, buoyancy, floatation, turbulence and resistance on water-based exercise 1.8 Describe the effect water ...
A Gaze-Driven Evolutionary Algorithm to Study Aesthetic Evaluation
... features are coded by a virtual genotype. In our case, the virtual chromosome has a symmetry gene (coding deviation from perfect symmetry as a distance, DS gene) and an orientation gene (coding angle of the symmetry axis, ORI gene). There was also a binary angle gene (BINA gene), which allowed for m ...
... features are coded by a virtual genotype. In our case, the virtual chromosome has a symmetry gene (coding deviation from perfect symmetry as a distance, DS gene) and an orientation gene (coding angle of the symmetry axis, ORI gene). There was also a binary angle gene (BINA gene), which allowed for m ...
When is it Selectively Advantageous to Have True Beliefs
... pay attention to information in its environment, and when it should be inflexible and follow a certain strategy regardless of the information available in the environment. These models answer the question of when it pays an organism to be inflexible or flexible in response to various environmental c ...
... pay attention to information in its environment, and when it should be inflexible and follow a certain strategy regardless of the information available in the environment. These models answer the question of when it pays an organism to be inflexible or flexible in response to various environmental c ...
evolutionary genetics of resistance and tolerance to natural
... Abstract. Resistance and tolerance are widely viewed as two alternative adaptive responses to herbivory. However, the traits underlying resistance and tolerance remain largely unknown, as does the genetic architecture of herbivory responses and the prevalence of genetic trade-offs. To address these ...
... Abstract. Resistance and tolerance are widely viewed as two alternative adaptive responses to herbivory. However, the traits underlying resistance and tolerance remain largely unknown, as does the genetic architecture of herbivory responses and the prevalence of genetic trade-offs. To address these ...
The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural
... physiological traits. Most published selection studies were unreplicated and had sample sizes below 135 individuals, resulting in low statistical power to detect selection of the magnitude typically reported for natural populations. The absolute values of linear selection gradients FbF were exponent ...
... physiological traits. Most published selection studies were unreplicated and had sample sizes below 135 individuals, resulting in low statistical power to detect selection of the magnitude typically reported for natural populations. The absolute values of linear selection gradients FbF were exponent ...