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Evolution Study Guide Terms to know: Natural selection Artificial selection Divergent evolution Convergent evolution Coevolution Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial organs Adaptation Fitness geographic isolation reproductive isolation genetic drift founder effect bottleneck stabilizing selection directional selection disruptive selection sexual selection adaptive radiation (divergent evolution) convergent evolution gradualism punctuated equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg Principle Concepts to know: How did Lyell and Hutton’s ideas influence Darwin? How did Malthus influence Darwin? Explain LaMarck’s theory of evolution. What are the problems with LaMarck’s theory? How was Wallace’s idea of evolution similar to Darwin’s? List 4 points of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. What causes genetic variations? What do these variations have to do with evolution by natural selection? How are evolution, fitness, and adaptation described in genetic terms? How does environment affect the evolution of a species? Give an example. If sedimentary rock were divided into 4 layers, where would the oldest fossils be found? If sedimentary rock were divided into 4 layers, where would the most complex organisms NOT be found? Why? Be able to discuss how fossils provide evidence of evolution. List and describe 4 pieces of evidence of evolution Be able to describe three types of natural selection and draw the graphs for each. -directional, stabilizing and disruptive Explain how the rabbit lab was an example of natural selection. Explain how geographic isolation and reproductive isolation lead to speciation. Be able to explain what a violation of the H-W law would result in.