Download Genetics review

Genetics review
Date:
Name:
1.
When the bacterium Serratia marcescens is grown
on a sterile culture medium in a petri dish at
30 C, the bacterial colonies are cream colored.
When this same bacterium is cultured under
identical conditions, except at a temperature of
25 C, the colonies are brick red. This di erence
in color is most likely due to the
A.
type of nutrients in the culture medium
B.
sterilization of the culture medium
C.
e ect of temperature on the expression of the
gene for color
3.
Inherited
Gene
Environmental
Condition
Final
Appearance
B
Light
White
A
Dark
White
A
B
Light
Dark
Green
White
Which statement best explains the nal appearance
of these tomato plants?
D. e ect of colony size on the synthesis of color
pigments
2.
The chart below shows relationships between
genes, the environment, and coloration of tomato
plants.
The accompanying data table summarizes the
results of an investigation in which seeds from the
same plant were grown under di erent conditions
of temperature and relative humidity.
A.
The expression of gene A is not a ected by
light.
B.
The expression of gene B varies with the
presence of light.
C.
The expression of gene A varies with the
environment.
D. Gene B is expressed only in darkness.
Which conclusion can be drawn from the
information in the data table?
A.
Color in this species is determined by genes,
only.
B.
Many characteristics are not inherited.
C.
Mutations occur only when plants are grown
at low temperatures.
D. There is an interaction between environment
and heredity.
page 1
4.
The puppies shown in the photograph below are
all from the same litter.
6.
To determine the identity of their biological
parents, adopted children sometimes request DNA
tests. These tests involve comparing DNA samples
from the child to DNA samples taken from the
likely parents. Possible relationships may be
determined from these tests because the
A.
base sequence of the father determines the
base sequence of the o spring
B.
DNA of parents and their o spring is more
similar than the DNA of nonfamily members
C.
position of the genes on each chromosome is
unique to each family
D. mutation rate is the same in closely related
individuals
7.
The di erences seen within this group of puppies
are most likely due to
A.
overproduction and selective breeding
B.
mutations and elimination of genes
C.
evolution and asexual reproduction
A.
8.
As male children get older, some begin to closely
resemble their fathers and have no resemblance to
their mothers. Which statement best explains this
observation?
A.
Several sperm fertilized the egg, so the
fertilized egg contained more genes from their
father.
B.
More genes are inherited from the sperm cell
of their father than from the egg cell of their
mother, so most traits will be like those of
their father.
C.
More genes from their father are expressed
in traits that can be seen, and more genes
from their mother are expressed in traits that
cannot be seen, such as blood type or enzyme
function.
8
B.
2
C.
16
D. 4
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information and diagram below and on
your knowledge of biology.
The diagram below shows the results of
a test that was done using DNA samples
from three bears of di erent species. Each
DNA sample was cut into fragments using a
speci c enzyme and placed in the wells as
indicated below. The DNA fragments were
then separated using gel electrophoresis.
D. sorting and recombination of genes
5.
Most cells in the body of a fruit y contain eight
chromosomes. How many of these chromosomes
were contributed by each parent of the fruit y?
Which two bears are most closely related? Support
your answer with data from the test results.
D. Genes from their father are stronger than
genes from their mother, so the genes from
their mother are not expressed.
9.
page 2
Identify one additional way to determine the
evolutionary relationship of these bears.
Genetics review
10.
Hereditary information is stored inside the
A.
ribosomes, which have chromosomes that
contain many genes
B.
ribosomes, which have genes that contain
many chromosomes
C.
nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain
many genes
12.
Compared to each cell of the original carrot plant,
each cell of the new plant will have
D. nucleus, which has genes that contain many
chromosomes
11.
The diagram below represents the cloning of a
carrot plant.
The diagram below represents single-celled
organism A dividing by mitosis to form cells B
and C.
A.
the same number of chromosomes and the
same types of genes
B.
the same number of chromosomes, but
di erent types of genes
C.
half the number of chromosomes and the
same types of genes
D. half the number of chromosomes, but di erent
types of genes
13.
Cells A, B, and C all produced protein X. What
can best be inferred from this observation?
A.
Protein X is found in all organisms.
B.
The gene for protein X is found in singlecelled
organisms, only.
C.
Cells A, B, and C ingested food containing
the gene to produce protein X.
Which event occurring in the life cycle of a
bacterium most directly involves the replication of
DNA?
A.
The bacterium copies its single chromosome.
B.
As the cell grows, the two copies of the
chromosome separate.
C.
The cell divides as a partition separates it
into equal halves.
D. Each new cell receives one copy of the
chromosome.
D. The gene to produce protein X was passed
from cell A to cells B and C.
page 3
Genetics review
14.
The accompanying diagram represents a cell
process.
16.
The organism represented below is multicellular,
heterotrophic, and completely aquatic.
Which statement regarding this process is correct?
15.
A.
Cell B contains the same genetic information
that cells A and C contain.
Which other characteristics could be used to
describe this organism?
B.
Cell C has DNA that is only 50% identical to
cell B.
A.
carries out photosynthesis and needs oxygen
C.
Cell A has DNA that is only 75% identical to
cell B.
B.
deposits cellular wastes on land and
decomposes dead organisms
D. Cells A, B, and C contain completely di erent
genetic information.
C.
reproduces asexually and is a consumer
D. reproduces in a water habitat and is a
producer
The diagram represents reproduction of
single-celled organism A, which has a normal
chromosome number of 8.
17.
Two di erent types of cells from an organism are
shown.
Explain how these two di erent types of cells
can function di erently in the same organism
even though they both contain the same genetic
instructions.
18.
Which row in the chart below best describes
asexual reproduction?
Row
In the circles representing o spring 1 and
o spring 2, write the number of chromosomes that
result from the normal asexual reproduction of
organism A.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
page 4
Number of Comparison of
Parents
O spring to
Parents
one
identical
one
di erent
two
identical
two
di erent
A.
Row (1)
B.
Row (2)
C.
Row (3)
D. Row (4)
Genetics review
19.
An antibiotic is e ective in killing 95% of a
population of bacteria that reproduce by the
process shown below.
22.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the diagram, which provides information related
to heredity, and on your knowledge of biology.
Which statement best describes future generations
of these bacteria?
A.
They will be produced by asexual reproduction
and will be more resistant to the antibiotic.
B.
They will be produced by sexual reproduction
and will be more resistant to the antibiotic.
C.
They will be produced by asexual reproduction
and will be just as susceptible to the
antibiotic.
The type of molecule in box A serves as a
template. Explain what this means.
23.
D. They will be produced by sexual reproduction
and will be just as susceptible to the
antibiotic.
20.
Molecule 1 represents a segment of hereditary
information, and molecule 2 represents the portion
of a molecule that is determined by information
from molecule 1.
The diagrams below illustrate types of asexual
reproduction.
Which statement correctly describes the o spring?
A.
They vary genetically from the parent.
B.
They are produced by the union of gametes.
C.
They obtain nourishment from a placenta.
What will most likely happen if there is a change
in the rst three subunits on the upper strand of
molecule 1?
D. They result without the union of gametes.
21.
A medical test indicates that a patient has a
defective protein. This condition is most likely
due to a change in the directions coded in the
A.
number of hydrogen atoms in starch molecules
B.
sequence of inorganic molecules
C.
number of carbon atoms in sugar molecules
A.
The remaining subunits in molecule 1 will
also change.
B.
A portion of molecule 2 may be di erent.
C.
Molecule 1 will split apart, triggering an
immune response.
D. Molecule 2 may form two strands rather than
one.
D. sequence of subunits in DNA
page 5
Genetics review
24.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information and chart below and on your
knowledge of biology.
28.
In DNA, a sequence of three bases
is a code for the placement of a certain
amino acid in a protein chain. The table
below shows some amino acids with their
abbreviations and DNA codes
29.
Changes in the genetic code of a human can be
transmitted to o spring if they occur in
A.
cancer cells
B.
gametes
C.
cell membranes
D. antibodies
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information below and on your knowledge
of biology.
Mutations are often referred to as the
“raw materials” of evolution.
Use appropriate letters to write a 9-base DNA
sequence that could represent a portion of a gene.
Which amino acid chain would be produced by
the DNA base sequence below?
30.
C-A-A-G-T-T-A-A-A-T-T-A-T-T-G-T-G-A
Show one example of what could happen to the
9-base DNA sequence you wrote in the previous
question if a mutation occurred in that gene.
A.
B.
C.
D.
25.
Identify one environmental factor that could cause
a base sequence in DNA to be changed to a
di erent base sequence.
26.
Describe how a protein would be changed if a
base sequence mutates from GGA to TGA.
27.
A single gene mutation results from
A.
a change in a base sequence in DNA
B.
recombination of traits
C.
the failure of chromosomes to separate
D. blocked nerve messages
page 6
Genetics review
31.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information below and on your knowledge
of biology.
32.
In an investigation, DNA samples from
four organisms, A; B; C, and D, were cut
into fragments. The number of bases in the
resulting DNA fragments for each sample is
shown below.
The diagram below represents the gel-like material
through which the DNA fragments moved during
gel electrophoresis. Draw lines to represent the
position of the fragments from each DNA sample
when electrophoresis is completed.
DNA electrophoresis is used to study evolutionary
relationships of species. The diagram below
shows the results of DNA electrophoresis for four
di erent animal species.
Which species has the most DNA in common with
species A?
page 7
A.
X and Y, only
B.
Y, only
C.
Z, only
D. X, Y, and Z
Genetics review
33.
The diagram below represents a structure found in
most cells.
35.
The letters in the accompanying diagram represent
genes on a particular chromosome.
Gene B contains the code for an enzyme that
cannot be synthesized unless gene A is also active.
Which statement best explains why this can occur?
The section labeled A in the diagram is most
likely a
A.
protein composed of folded chains of base
subunits
B.
biological catalyst
C.
part of a gene for a particular trait
A hereditary trait can be determined by more
than one gene.
B.
Genes are made up of double-stranded
segments of DNA.
C.
All the genes on a chromosome act to
produce a single trait.
D. The rst gene on each chromosome controls
all the other genes on the chromosome.
D. chromosome undergoing a mutation
34.
A.
Part of a molecule found in cells is represented
below.
Which process is most directly a ected by the
arrangement of components 1 through 4?
A.
di usion through cell membranes
B.
fertilization of a sex cell
C.
sequencing of amino acids in cells
D. increasing the number of cells in an organism
page 8
Genetics review
36.
Base your answer to the following question on the
chart below and on your knowledge of biology.
39.
The accompanying diagram shows two di erent
structures, 1 and 2, that are present in many
singlecelled organisms. Structure 1 contains
protein A, but not protein B, and structure 2
contains protein B, but not protein A.
Which statement is correct concerning protein A
and protein B?
Fill in the missing mRNA bases and the amino
acid sequence that corresponds to the DNA base
sequence below.
DNA
mRNA
CAC
GTG
GAC
B.
Proteins A and B have di erent functions but
the same amino acid chains.
C.
Proteins A and B have the same function but
a di erent sequence of bases (A, C, T, and
G).
D. Proteins A and B have the same function and
the same sequence of bases (A, C, T, and G).
Four di erent segments of a DNA molecule are
represented below.
40.
There is an error in the DNA molecule in
38.
Proteins A and B have di erent functions and
di erent amino acid chains.
TGA
Amino acids
37.
A.
A.
segment 1, only
B.
segment 3, only
C.
segments 2 and 3
D. segments 2 and 4
The shape of a protein molecule is in uenced by
A.
whether it is organic or inorganic
B.
the sequence of amino acids in it
C.
the number of genes found in the nucleus
Two proteins in the same cell perform di erent
functions. This is because the two proteins are
composed of
A.
chains folded the same way and the same
sequence of simple sugars
B.
chains folded the same way and the same
sequence of amino acids
C.
chains folded di erently and a di erent
sequence of simple sugars
D. chains folded di erently and a di erent
sequence of amino acids
D. the number of chromosomes in the cell
page 9
Genetics review
41.
The development of an embryo is represented in
the diagram below.
42.
Base your answer to the following question on
the information below and on your knowledge of
biology.
Stem cells present in an embryo are
responsible for the formation of various
tissues and organs. Recent research suggests
that it may be possible to replicate stem cells
from sections of skin taken from adult mice,
rather than having to use stem cells from the
embryos of mice. In the future, human stem
cells may be used to replace human tissue
damaged by diseases such as Parkinson's
disease and multiple sclerosis.
Discuss why the use of stem cells taken from a
patient to replace damaged tissues and organs may
decrease the potential risk to a patient. In your
answer, be sure to:
identify the major problem that may occur
when tissues and organs donated by
another individual are used
These changes in the form of the embryo are a
direct result of
A.
uncontrolled cell division and mutations
B.
di erentiation and growth
C.
antibodies and antigens inherited from the
father
explain why this problem may occur
explain why this problem will not occur if
tissues and organs produced by stem cells
from the patient are used
D. meiosis and fertilization
page 10
Genetics review
43.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information and diagram below and on
your knowledge of biology.
47.
Steps in a reproductive process used to produce a
sheep with certain traits are listed below.
Step 1— The nucleus was removed from an
unfertilized egg taken from sheep A.
The four wells represented in the
diagram were each injected with fragments
that were prepared from DNA samples using
identical techniques.
Step 2—The nucleus of a body cell taken from
sheep B was then inserted into this unfertilized
egg from sheep A.
Step 3—The resulting cell was then implanted
into the uterus of sheep C.
Step 4—Sheep C gave birth to sheep D.
Which sheep would be most genetically similar to
sheep D?
This laboratory procedure is known as
A.
cloning
B.
gel electrophoresis
C.
chromatography
A.
sheep A, only
B.
sheep B, only
C.
both sheep A and B
D. both sheep A and C
D. use of a dichotomous key
44. The arrow represents the direction of the movement
of the DNA fragments. What is responsible for
the movement of the DNA in this process?
45.
The four samples of DNA were taken from four
di erent individuals. Explain how this is evident
from the results shown in the diagram.
46.
Identify the substance that was used to treat the
DNA to produce the fragments that were put into
the wells.
page 11
Genetics review
48.
Base your answer(s) to the following question(s)
on the information and diagram below and on
your knowledge of biology.
49.
The DNA of three di erent species of
birds was analyzed to help determine if there
is an evolutionary relationship between these
species. The diagram shows the results of
this analysis.
The information in the chart below represents the
sex chromosome arrangement in humans and birds.
Sex chromosomes contain genes involved in sex
determination.
Sex Chromosomes
in Animals
Animal
humans
birds
Female Male
XX
ZW
XY
ZZ
In humans, it is the male gamete that is responsible
for determining the sex of the o spring. Identify
which type of gamete determines the sex of the
o spring in birds. Support your answer.
Type of Gamete:
The chart below contains amino acid sequences
for part of a protein that is found in the feathers
on each of these three species of birds.
Species
Amino Acid Sequence
A
Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly-His-His-Pro-Lys-Arg
B
Arg-Gly-Glu-Gly-His-His-Pro-Lys-Arg
C
Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly-His-His-Pro-Lys-Arg
State one way this data supports the inference that
these three bird species may be closely related.
page 12
Genetics review
Problem-Attic format version 4.4.178
c 2011–2013 EducAide Software
_
Licensed for use by Dan Figueras
Terms of Use at www.problem-attic.com
Genetics review
05/29/2013
1.
Answer:
C
18.
Answer:
A
2.
Answer:
D
19.
Answer:
A
3.
Answer:
C
20.
Answer:
D
4.
Answer:
D
21.
Answer:
D
5.
Answer:
C
22.
Answer:
The template serves as a pattern.
6.
Answer:
B
23.
Answer:
B
7.
Answer:
D
24.
Answer:
C
8.
Answer:
9.
Answer:
bears 1 and 3 are most closely related
and they have more DNA bands (4) in
common.
Compare proteins from the bears. OR
Compare embryonic similarities. OR
Compare structural similarities.
25.
Answer:
26.
Answer:
ultraviolet light, radiation, x rays, or
chemicals
The shape of the protein may be
changed. OR The amino acid sequence
would be di erent. OR The protein
would contain threonine instead of
proline. OR The protein being
synthesized may not work correctly.
OR The protein will not be able to
function.
10.
Answer:
C
11.
Answer:
D
12.
Answer:
27.
Answer:
A
A
13.
Answer:
28.
Answer:
B
A
14.
Answer:
29.
Answer:
AACCTGCTC or CCTACGGCA
A
15.
Answer:
30.
Answer:
Answers will vary
8
16.
Answer:
C
17.
Answer:
Di erent types of cells express di erent
genes. OR They contain di erent
proteins.
Teacher's Key
31.
Answer:
45.
Answer:
46.
Answer:
47.
Answer:
48.
Answer:
32.
Answer:
C
33.
Answer:
C
34.
Answer:
C
35.
Answer:
A
36.
Answer:
DNA
CAC
mRNA
GUG
Amino acids VAL
37.
Answer:
B
38.
Answer:
B
39.
Answer:
A
40.
Answer:
D
41.
Answer:
B
42.
Answer:
43.
Answer:
44.
Answer:
49.
Answer:
GTG
CAC
HIS
GAC TGA
CUG ACU
LEU THR
rejection of tissues or organs; foreign
proteins from donated/tissues/organs
trigger immune response, or immune
system attacks foreign tissues/organs;
Proteins in tissues/organs will be the
same as those of the patient, so the
immune system. will not attack.
B
electric current, attraction of negative
fragments to positive pole, or charges
on the DNA
Page 2
The bands are in di erent positions in
each column. OR di erent banding
patterns OR di erent number of bands
enzymes or restriction enzymes or
enzymes that cut DNA.
B
Since they have similar amino acid
sequences, they may be closely related.
OR Since they have amino acid
sequences that are very much alike, the
species have similar DNA.
Female or egg or zw and supporting
the answer. Acceptable responses
include, but are not limited to: Female gametes have one of two
di erent types of sex chromosomes.
- The egg may contain one of two
di erent types of sex chromosomes.