Download UNIT 2 : Cells - Loudoun County Public Schools

UNIT 2 : Cells
Test Date:______
Essential Concepts and Skills
READINGS
1. Explain why cells are called the basic units of life.
a) All living things are made of one or more cells.
b) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
c) Cells are very small to make it easy for nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to
exit the cell.
d) Scientist Associated with the Cell Theory (hint they are in your vocabulary)
2. Describe specific examples that illustrate the relationship between cell
structure and cell function.
a) The shape of the cell is related to the job of the cell.
b) Red blood cells are smooth and round so they can easily slip through very small
blood vessels (capillaries).
c) Muscle cells are long and elastic so they can contract and move an organism.
d) Paramecia are covered with cilia and shaped like a torpedo so they can swim.
e) Surface to volume ratio
4.
a)
b)
c)
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes are much simpler and usually smaller cells.
Eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus in their cells and prokaryotes don’t.
Members of the Kingdom Monera (blue-green algae and bacteria) are prokaryotes;
members of the protist, fungi, plant, and animal kingdoms are eukaryotes.
d) Identify diagrams of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
5.Describe the difference between plant and animal cells
Plant
Animals
Cell Membrane & Cell Wall
Mitochondria & Chloroplast
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
1 Large Vacuole
Multiple small Vacuole
No Centrioles
Centrioles
6. Identify the parts of the microscope and give the function of each part.
a. Eyepiece: magnifies the sample 10x
b. Stage: holds the slide
c. Diaphragm: varies the amount of light from the lamp
d. Coarse adjustment: focuses the scanning and low power objectives
e. High-power objective: magnifies the sample 40x
f. Low-power objective: magnifies the sample 4x
g. Fine adjustment: focuses the high power objective
h. Medium-power objective: magnifies the sample 10x
7. Given the magnification of the eyepiece and the objective lenses, be able
to determine the total magnification of a field of view.
Total magnification = eyepiece magnification x objective magnification
Chapter 3
p.61- 62
Fun Facts
p. 63-64
p.66-67
diagram:
diagram:
p.75
p. 19 - 20
p. 806-807
See Fun Facts
3. Identify in a diagram and describe the function of chloroplast,
mitochondria, ribosome, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus,
lysosome, cell membrane, cell wall, nucleolus, cilia/flagella, vacuoles,
microtubules, centrioles and nuclear membrane.
a) Nucleus controls cell’s activities and contains DNA.
b) Nucleolus located inside the nucleolus, makes the ribosomes for the cell
c) Nuclear Membrane bilipid layer that surrounds the nucleus
d) Ribosomes make proteins.
e) Mitochondria turn food into energy
f) ER (smooth & rough) holds ribosomes & transports proteins within the cell.
g) Golgi body packages and sends proteins out of the cell.
h) Lysosomes (suicide packs) contain digestive enzymes.
i) Cell membrane (plasma membrane) controls what materials enter and leave the
cell because of diffusion or transport (homeostasis) . This membrane is flexible
j) Cilia – hair-like structures that help in food capture & movement of the organism.
k) Flagella - flagella is one long "whip-like" structure used only for movement.
l) Cytoskeleton internal organelles that give cells support & structure
m) Vacuoles serve for storage of many substances for the cell.
- Plants have 1 & animal cells has many
n) Centrioles specialized microtubules that aide in reproduction of animal cells only
o) Cell wall* gives support to plant cells. Because of cellulose this is rigid.
p)Chloroplast* contains chlorophyll and uses the sun’s energy to make food.
p. 68-74
diagram
p.74
Assessments:
Labs:
- Animal vs Plant Cell
- What’s visible?
- Microscopic Life in a pond
- Is it Living?
- TBA
Projects:
- create a 3-D model of a cell (with labels & descriptions of functions)
Unit Test:
- Multiple choice questions on essential concepts
- On a diagram of the microscope (may not be the exact copy in notes, you need
to be familiar with general location of the parts)
- Identify the parts & functions of eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal)
Mercer Middle Model
Loudoun County Public Schools
Aldie, VA