Download Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization
By Ms. Vriksha
~for educational purposes only~
Cells
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Basic units of all living things
Tiniest organisms are made of only single cells
You need a microscope to see cells
Most cells do the same things that you do to
stay alive each day
Cell functions
• Cells take in food and get rid of wastes
• They use materials in food to grow and repair
wounds
• Cells sense and respond to changes in their
surroundings
• They communicate and work with other cells
Cell functions (cont’d)
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A few cells move
All cells have parts inside them that move
All cells need energy
They get their energy through cellular
respiration
Cellular respiration
• Cellular respiration is the combining of oxygen
and food, such as sugar, to get energy
Parts of a cell
• Parts of a cell are called organelles
Cell membrane
• The cell membrane is like the skin of the cell
• It surrounds the cell and holds the parts of the
cell together
• It lets certain materials in (like sugar, water,
and oxygen)
• It allows other materials to leave the cell (like
carbon dioxide and other wastes)
Cytoplasm
• Is gel-like fluid
• All the organelles live in the cytoplasm
• It lies between the cell membrane and the
nucleus
Mitochondria
• Is an organelle that change chemical energy of
food into a form that the cell can use
• It is called the “powerhouse of the cell”
Ribosomes
• Protein makers
• Organelles that begin the process of making
proteins
Vacuole
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Surrounded by a membrane and contains fluid
It stores water and nutrients
May also help the cell digest the food
It is like the storage space of the cell
• Is like the “brain” of the cell
• Directs all of the cell’s activities
• It stores information that will be passed on to
new cells
Plant cells
• Have all the parts found in the animal cells
plus some parts not found in animal cells:
1. Chloroplast
2. Cell wall
Chloroplast
• Organelles that contain chlorophyll (green
color pigment)
• Plants make food when sunlight strikes
chlorophyll
Cell wall
• A rigid cell wall outside the cell membrane
• Gives the cell support
Size and shape of cells
• Cells need to be big enough for all of its parts
• It needs to be small enough that oxygen and
other materials can travel to all parts of the
cell fast enough
• The shape of the cell is determined by the job
that cell does
Plant cell vs. Animal cell
Tissues
• Tissues are groups of the same kind of cells
that work together to do the same job
• Muscle cells work together as a team to make
muscle tissue
Organs
• Tissues join with other types of tissues to form
organs
• An organ is structure that does one main job
in the body
• Examples, your eyes, your heart, your ears, etc
Organ Systems
• Just like cells and tissues, organs also work
together
• An Organ system is a group of organs that
work together to carry out a life process
• Ex, your mouth, stomach, intestines and other
other organs help you to digest food
Receiving food and oxygen
• Every cell needs a supply of food and oxygen
and a way to get rid of wastes
• In multicellular organisms, organ systems help
the cells meet their needs
• Digestive system takes in the food we need,
then it breaks it down to a form that the cells
can use
• Substances in food needed by cells:
NUTRIENTS
Transport of nutrients and waste
• In many animals blood transports nutrients to
the cells
• Blood is a tissue in the circulatory system
• Blood also carries sugar and oxygen to cells
• Blood also helps carry waste away form cells
Coming Soon: Transportation of
Materials in plants
~ a presentation by Ms. Vrisksha~
~for educational purposes only~