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Protein Synthesis: Transcription & Translation HONORS BIOLOGY SOL.BIO.6F MAKING PROTEINS! WHY DO WE NEED PROTEINS? Cell Structure The cell is 80% protein WHAT DO WE NEED FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS? DNA Template for making mRNA during Transcription *The template strand is the DNA strand being copied WHAT DO WE NEED FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS? RNA A) mRNA = messenger RNA Makes and takes copy of DNA to the cytoplasm B) tRNA = transfer RNA Brings the anticodons to pair with the codons on the mRNA strand WHAT DO WE NEED FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS? Ribosome Amino Acids Building blocks of proteins Protein = AA chain ORDER MATTERS!! STEPS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Transcription (Writing the “message”) DNA -> mRNA Location = Nucleus Steps: 1. Enzyme binds to DNA, unzips it 2. mRNA copy is made from DNA template *U replaces T in RNA* mRNA complements known as codons Only 3 nucleotide “letters” long TRANSLATION mRNA -> tRNA -> protein (AA chain) Location= cytoplasm First codon in mRNA is the start codon AUG STEPS TO TRANSLATION 1. mRNA moves to the cytoplasm and binds with ribosome 2. tRNA brings the anticodon to bind with the Codon 3. Ribosome moves down to mRNA to next codon 4. tRNA anticodon brings & attached next AA with peptide bond (Elongation) 5. tRNA leaves ribosome once AA attached Attached amino acid that is carried from cytoplasm to ribosomes http://wn.com/protein_synthesis_animation PROTEIN SYNTHESIS NOW LET’S PRACTICE! DNA mRNA tRNA Triplet Codon Anti-codon TAC GGA CCT GTA ACT