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Essential Question: How does DNA make copies of itself? Let Review… DNA = DeoxyriboseNucleic Acid DNA is made of Nucleotides Each nucleotide has a phosphate sugar and nitrogen base There are four different Nitrogen bases: Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Adenine pairs with Thymine (A with T) Cytosine pairs with Guanine (G with C) Vocabulary DNA Replication: making a copy of a chromosome during MITOSIS DNA Helicase: unwinds the double helix creating two separate DNA strands DNA Polymerase: joins individual nucleotides to produce the second complementary strand of DNA Only move in ONE direction, 5’ to 3’, so DNA strands are made going in opposite directions. Steps of DNA Replication 1. DNA / Chromosomes are unwound and unzipped by DNA helicase 2. Free nucleotides in the nucleus are joined to both of the separated strands of DNA polymerase 3. This continues until the DNA completely unzips and you have 2 exact copies of DNA / Chromosomes DNA Replication Foldable 1. Fold paper so that the notes are on the back and the DNA molecule is on the front MAKE SURE YOUR DNA MOLECULE IS FACING UP 2. Label one side with DNA molecule with nitrogen bases (A,T,C,G) 3. Then write the corresponding letter on the opposite side (A with T and C with G) 4. Cut between the 6th and 7th nitrogen base from the bottom and tape the top flaps together 5. On the unzipped DNA strand (the part you didn’t tape closed) copy the same code written on the front flap 6. Then draw in the new complimentary strands to the unzipped DNA 7. Color your nitrogen bases. 8. Label the first two steps on DNA replication from your notes on the foldable. DNA is always replicated from the 5’ end to the 3’ end The two unzipped sides of the DNA strand are replicated in opposite directions (one moves left across the strand and one moves right across the strand) Vocabulary Leading strand: the strand that is copied continuously Lagging strand: the strand that is copied in separate fragments Okizaki Fragments: the name of the fragments present in the lagging strand DNA Replication Foldable 1. Fold paper so that the notes are on the back and the DNA molecule is on the front MAKE SURE YOUR DNA MOLECULE IS FACING UP 2. Label one side with DNA molecule with nitrogen bases (A,T,C,G) 3. Then write the corresponding letter on the opposite side (A with T and C with G) 4. Cut between the 6th and 7th nitrogen base from the bottom and tape the top flaps together 5. On the unzipped DNA strand (the part you didn’t tape closed) copy the same code written on the front flap 6. Then draw in the new complimentary strands to the unzipped DNA 7. Color your nitrogen bases. 8. Label the first two steps on DNA replication from your notes on the foldable. 9. Label 3’ and 5’ ends of the DNA strand. 10. Label the leading strand and lagging strand on the foldable