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Transcript
Biology – The Building Blocks of Life Objective: Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for a cell. Cell (Plasma) Membrane Parts of the Membrane: – 1: Phospholipid Bilayer…2 layers of phospholipids. They have a “hydrophillic” head… that attracts water And they have a “hydrophobic” tail…that repels water Cell (Plasma) Membrane Parts of the Membrane – 2: Proteins Transport Proteins. A channel or a pump to get molecules in or out of the cell. Surface proteins: can act as identification or for signals. Cell (Plasma) Membrane Parts of the Membrane – 3: Carbohydrates. Usually bonded to protein…used for identification by your immune cells. Biology – The Building Blocks of Life Objective Demonstrate the process of diffusion, and tell how osmosis is related to diffusion Passive vs. Active Transport Passive Transport – Does NOT use energy – From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Flowing “downhill” = no energy needed Passive vs. Active Transport Active Transport –Uses energy –Molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration Going “uphill” – must use energy Passive Transport Diffusion – Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until equilibrium is reached. – Equilibrium is “dynamic” = meaning the molecules still move back and forth…but the end totals remain the same. Passive Transport Facilitated Diffusion – Molecules move across the membrane with the assistance of helper protein molecules. – Molecules can easily slip through protein channels. – Remember…No Energy is Used!! Passive Transport Osmosis – Special kind of diffusion involving water molecules moving across a membrane – Still…from high concentration to low concentration. Active Transport Endocytosis – Cells actively bringing in substances by the pinching off of the cell membrane – Cell membrane pinches off to form a vacuole Pinocytosis – Pino = “drink” = liquids Phagocytosis – Phage = “eat” = solids Endocytosis – “into” Active Transport Exocytosis – Cell moving molecules out of the cell membrane – Uses energy – Vacuole fuses with the membrane and pushes the material out Exocytosis – “out” Exocytosis – “out”