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Taxonomy
The classification of living organisms
Binomial Nomenclature- today’s
two word naming system
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Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
Classification is based on:
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Physical & structural characteristics
Evolutionary relationships
Organisms are identified by two terms
The Genus is always capitalized and the species
is always lowercased.
 When writing the scientific name of an
organism, you must either underline
(handwritten) or use italics (typed)
 Ex. Homo sapien
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Taxonomy video?
Taxa: Levels of organization
Domain– Largest group…most diverse
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species--- Smallest most specific group
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Taxa for Humans
Domain: Eukarya
 Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordata
 Class: Mammalia
 Order: Primates
 Family: Hominidae
 Genus: Homo
 Species: sapiens
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Cladogram
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Shows the evolutionary relationships between
organisms, with the oldest organism at one end
and each animal being more evolved than the
last
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Constructing a cladogram video
Dichotomous Key
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Groups larger groups into two smaller groups;
to be used for identifying organisms
Taxa- groups
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There are currently 3 domains and 6 kingdoms
There used to be 0 domains and 5 kingdoms:
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
Organisms are classified by cell type, cell
number, and mode of nutrition
Autotrophs: make their own food
Heterotrophs: must consume food in order to
get energy
3 Domains
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1. Bacteria– most common bacteria…
2. Archeabacteria-- weird…live in Extreme
environments
3. Eukarya– Life as we know it
Prokaryote– Primitive cell without a nucleus
Eukaryote- more complex cell with a nucleus
Domain Bacteria
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Six Kingdoms Video
Kingdom Eubacteria:
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Cell type: prokaryote
# of cells: unicellular
Mode of nutrition: Autotroph or heterotroph
Examples: E. Coli, Streptococcus
Domain Archaea
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Kingdom: Archaebacteria
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Cell type: Prokaryote
# of cells: Unicellular
Mode of nutrition: Autotroph or heterotroph
Examples: Methanogens… called the
extremophiles
Domain Eukarya
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Kingdom: Protista
Cell type: eukaryote
 Number of cells: mostly unicellular, some
multicellular or colonial
 Mode of nutrition:
 autotroph or
heterotroph
 Examples: Amoeba,
 Paramecium
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Domain Eukarya
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Kingdom: Fungi
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Cell type: Eukaryote
Number of cells: mostly multi/ some unicellular
Mode of nutrition: heterotrophs
Examples: Mushrooms, mold, yeast
Domain Eukarya
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Kingdom: Plantae
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Cell type: Eukaryote
Number of cells: Multicellular
Mode of nutrition: autotroph
Examples: kelp, flowering plants, pine trees
Domain Eukarya
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Kingdom: Animalia
Cell type: Eukaryote
 Number of cells: multicellular
 Mode of nutrition: heterotroph
 Examples: Sponges, worms, fish
humans
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Life as we know it
Video
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