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Taxonomy The classification of living organisms Binomial Nomenclature- today’s two word naming system Developed by Carolus Linnaeus Classification is based on: Physical & structural characteristics Evolutionary relationships Organisms are identified by two terms The Genus is always capitalized and the species is always lowercased. When writing the scientific name of an organism, you must either underline (handwritten) or use italics (typed) Ex. Homo sapien Taxonomy video? Taxa: Levels of organization Domain– Largest group…most diverse Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species--- Smallest most specific group Taxa for Humans Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species: sapiens Cladogram Shows the evolutionary relationships between organisms, with the oldest organism at one end and each animal being more evolved than the last Constructing a cladogram video Dichotomous Key Groups larger groups into two smaller groups; to be used for identifying organisms Taxa- groups There are currently 3 domains and 6 kingdoms There used to be 0 domains and 5 kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia Organisms are classified by cell type, cell number, and mode of nutrition Autotrophs: make their own food Heterotrophs: must consume food in order to get energy 3 Domains 1. Bacteria– most common bacteria… 2. Archeabacteria-- weird…live in Extreme environments 3. Eukarya– Life as we know it Prokaryote– Primitive cell without a nucleus Eukaryote- more complex cell with a nucleus Domain Bacteria Six Kingdoms Video Kingdom Eubacteria: Cell type: prokaryote # of cells: unicellular Mode of nutrition: Autotroph or heterotroph Examples: E. Coli, Streptococcus Domain Archaea Kingdom: Archaebacteria Cell type: Prokaryote # of cells: Unicellular Mode of nutrition: Autotroph or heterotroph Examples: Methanogens… called the extremophiles Domain Eukarya Kingdom: Protista Cell type: eukaryote Number of cells: mostly unicellular, some multicellular or colonial Mode of nutrition: autotroph or heterotroph Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium Domain Eukarya Kingdom: Fungi Cell type: Eukaryote Number of cells: mostly multi/ some unicellular Mode of nutrition: heterotrophs Examples: Mushrooms, mold, yeast Domain Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae Cell type: Eukaryote Number of cells: Multicellular Mode of nutrition: autotroph Examples: kelp, flowering plants, pine trees Domain Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Cell type: Eukaryote Number of cells: multicellular Mode of nutrition: heterotroph Examples: Sponges, worms, fish humans Life as we know it Video