Download Elements Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and

proteins.notebook
September 16, 2016
Elements
­ Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur.
­Come in a variety of shapes and sizes
Monomer
­Amino acids are the monomer
­20 common amino acids that combine to produce thousands of proteins.
­Held together by peptide bonds
­each amino acid has a carboxyl group, amine group, hydrogen and an R­group.
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proteins.notebook
September 16, 2016
Functions
­ Build structures in the body such as hair, finger nails, horns and hoofs are all proteins.
­contraction of muscle tissues
­ transporting oxygen in the bloodstream
­providing immunity
­regulating other proteins
­carrying out chemical reactions (enzymes)
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proteins.notebook
September 16, 2016
Foods High in Proteins
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Meat including chicken and fish
Beans
Eggs
Peanut Butter
Nuts
Dairy products like milk, cheese and some yogurt
Foods high in protein are more filling because it takes the body longer to break them down compared to carbohydrates and lipids.
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proteins.notebook
September 16, 2016
The specific sequence of amino acids determine a proteins structure and function.
Example: The protein hemoglobin transports oxygen in our blood. It is made of 574 amino acids. If just one of these amino acids is incorrect, it causes the disorder sickle cell anemia. The red blood cell has sickle shape which gets stuck in small blood vessels easier and cannot bring enough oxygen to the tissues that need it.
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proteins.notebook
September 16, 2016
Nucleic Acids
Elements
­ Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
Monomer
­ made of nucleotides
­each nucleotide has 3 parts
­sugar
­phosphate group
­nitrogen base
Function
­ DNA and RNA work together to build proteins
­DNA contains the instructions for putting the amino acids together and RNA helps to build the proteins.
Additional Information
­ two general types DNA and RNA
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