Download Proteins Large, complex polymer consists of carbon, oxygen

proteins.notebook
September 10, 2013
Proteins­ Large, complex polymer consists of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. It is the most varied of the carbon­based molecules.
In movement, eyesight and digestion proteins are at work.
­ are essential to all life
­provide structure for tissues and organs and carries out cell metabolism
­ Come in a variety of shapes and sizes
Amino Acids­ Basic building block of proteins. ­ 20 common amino acids combine in various ways to form thousands of proteins.
­ amino acids are bonded together by peptide bonds.
Peptide Bonds­ covalent bond formed between amino acids.
1
proteins.notebook
September 10, 2013
The specific sequence of amino acids determine a proteins structure and function.
Example: The protein hemoglobin transports oxygen in our blood. It is made of 574 amino acids. If just one of these amino acids is incorrect, it causes the disorder sickle cell anemia. The red blood cell has sickle shape which gets stuck in small blood vessels easier and cannot bring enough oxygen to the tissues that need it.
2
proteins.notebook
September 10, 2013
Protein Importance
Proteins are the base for many structural features of organisms
­ hair, finger nails, horns and hoofs
Proteins also help in:
­contraction of muscle tissues
­ transporting oxygen in the bloodstream
­providing immunity
­regulating other proteins
­carrying out chemical reactions
3
proteins.notebook
September 10, 2013
Foods High in Proteins
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meat including chicken and fish
Beans
Eggs
Peanut Butter
Nuts
Dairy products like milk, cheese and some yogurt
Foods high in protein are more filling because it takes the body longer to break them down compared to carbohydrates and lipids.
4
proteins.notebook
September 10, 2013
Protein Supplements
­ Used to build muscle
­ Key word is SUPPLEMENT, it should be in addition to a good balanced diet. ­If the directions are followed using the correct amounts your body will respond to the lifting and you will build muscle.
­If the directions are not followed and too much is consumed some of the possible side effects are:
­disruption of the bloods pH­ causing your bones to remove calcium from them and causing osteoporosis
­Kidney Stones
­Ketosis­ caused by a lack of carbohydrates
Protein shakes, bars and other supplements are fine to take as long as your body is getting all the nutrients it needs, you are following the directions correctly and drinking plenty of water.
5
proteins.notebook
September 10, 2013
Nucleic Acids
Contain detailed instructions to build proteins.
Polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides.
Nucleotides are composed of a sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen­containing molecule (base)
Two general types: RNA and DNA
Nucleic acids have just one function­ DNA and RNA work together to make proteins. DNA stores the information for putting the amino acids together
RNA helps to build the proteins.
6
proteins.notebook
September 10, 2013
Enzymes­ a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction.
Enzymes are a catalyst (substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction)
­ they can speed up or slow down reactions based on what the body needs
­Example­Speeds up the reactions in the digestion of food.
Enzyme activity is based on:
­ temperature
­ ionic conditions
­pH of surroundings
Enzymes are involved in • fighting aging • weight loss • lowering cholesterol • cleaning the colon
• breaking down fats
• strengthening the immune system
• improve mental capacity
• detoxifying the body
• building muscles from protein
• eliminating carbon dioxide from the lungs etc.
7