Download EXAM B

1. How many main types of RNA are
there?(B4.2g)
a.1
b.3
c.hundreds
d.thousands
2.Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved
in protein synthesis?(B4.2g)
a.transfer RNA only
b.messenger RNA only
c.ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only
d.messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and
transfer RNA
3.What amino acid is coded with GAU?
Use Figure 12-2 show? (B4.2f)
a.Cys
b.Stop
c.Met
d.Asp
4. During transcription, an RNA
molecule is formed(B 4.2g)
A.that is complementary to both
strands of DNA.
B.that is identical to part of a single
strand of DNA.
C.that is double-stranded.
D.inside the nucleus.
5. Why is it possible for an amino acid to be
specified by more than one kind of codon
A.Some codons have the same sequence of
nucleotides.
B.There are 64 different kinds of codons but only
20 amino acids.
C.Some codons do not specify an amino acid.
D.The codon AUG codes for the amino acid
methionine and serves as the “start” codon for
protein synthesis.
6. What happens during the process of
translation?
A.Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
B.The cell uses information from
messenger RNA to produce proteins.
C.Transfer RNA is made from
messenger RNA.
D.Copies of DNA molecules are made.
7. Genes contain instructions for
assembling
A.purines.
B.nucleosomes.
C.proteins.
D.pyrimidines.
8. A mutation that involves a single
nucleotide is called a(an)
A.chromosomal mutation.
B.inversion.
C.point mutation.
D.translocation.
9. Which of the following is NEVER a
frameshift mutation?
a.substitution
b.insertion
c.deletion
d.inversion
10. Consider the cell labeled X in Figure 109 containing 4 chromosomes. Which of the
four cells below it represents a healthy
gamete that could be produced from this
cell?
a.A
b.B
c.C
d.D
11. Gametes have
a.homologous chromosomes.
b.twice the number of chromosomes
found in body cells.
c.two sets of chromosomes.
d.one allele for each gene.
12. During which phase of meiosis do
homologous pairs of chromosomes
line up next to one another along the
equator?
a.anaphase I
b.metaphase I
c.prophase II
d.metaphase II
13. Gametes are produced by the
process of
a.mitosis.
B.meiosis.
C.crossing-over.
D.replication.
14. The numbers in Figure 10-1
represent the chromosome number
found in each of the dog cells shown.
The processes that are occurring at A
and B are ____.
A.mitosis and fertilization
B.meiosis and fertilization
C.mitosis and pollination
D.meiosis and pollination
15. Chromosome number is reduced
by meiosis because between meiosis I
and meiosis II
A. crossing-over occurs.
B. metaphase occurs.
C. replication occurs twice.
D. replication does not occur.
16. Mendel’s principles of genetics
apply to
A.plants only.
B.animals only.
C.pea plants only.
D.all organisms.
18. Offspring that result from crosses
between true-breeding parents with
different traits
A. are true-breeding.
B. make up the F2 generation.
C. make up the parental generation.
D. are called hybrids.
19. If a pea plant has a recessive allele for green
peas, it will produce …
A.green peas if it also has a dominant allele for
yellow peas.
B.both green peas and yellow peas if it also has
a dominant allele for yellow peas.
C.green peas if it does not also have a dominant
allele for yellow peas.
D.yellow peas if it does not also have a
dominant allele for green peas.
19. How many different allele
combinations would be found in
the gametes produced by a pea
plant whose genotype was RrYY?
a.2
b.4
c.8
d.16
20. Situations in which one allele
for a gene is not completely
dominant over another allele for
that gene are called
A.multiple alleles.
B.incomplete dominance.
C.dominant inheritance.
D.multiple genes.
21. A cross of a red cow with a white
bull produces all roan (a combination
of both red and white hair) offspring.
This type of inheritance is known as
A.incomplete dominance.
B.polygenic inheritance.
C.codominance.
D.multiple alleles.
22. What principle states that during
gamete formation genes for different
traits separate without influencing
each other’s inheritance? (B4.1d)
a.principle of dominance
b.principle of independent assortment
c.principle of probabilities
d.principle of segregation
23. The failure of chromosomes to
separate during meiosis is called
A.nondisjunction.
B.X-chromosome inactivation.
C.Turner’s syndrome.
D.Down syndrome.
24. Human females produce egg
cells that have
A.one X chromosome.
B.two X chromosomes.
C.one X or one Y chromosome.
D.one X and one Y chromosome.
25. Which of the following
genotypes result in the same
phenotype?)
A.AA and AB
b.BB and BO
c.BB and AB
d.BOand OO
26. A DNA molecule containing
regions from different sources is
called
A.DNA ligase.
B.recombinant DNA.
C.restriction DNA.
D.template DNA.
27. Which outcome is possible using
genetic engineering, but not using
selective breeding?
A.A sheep with wool longer than wool
produced by any other sheep.
B.Corn that produces one large corn cob
per plant.
C.A bacterium that produces human
insulin.
D.A hairless variety of cow.
28. The purpose of gene therapy is
to
A.cure genetic disorders.
B.determine the sequences of
genes.
C.remove mutations from genes.
D.change dominant alleles to
recessive alleles.
The pelvis and femur of the whale
shown in Figure 15-2
A.allow the whale to walk.
B.are vestigial structures.
C.are acquired traits.
D.are not inherited.
30. Common cells growing in similar
patterns in different organisms
produce
A.homologous structures such as
wings and arms.
B.indistinguishable early embryos.
C.vestigial organs such as reduced tails.
D.different limb types specialized for a
single function.
31. What is true about gene pools?
A.They typically contain two or more alleles
for each inheritable trait.
B.They contain primarily dominant alleles.
C.They contain primarily recessive alleles.
D.The relative frequencies of alleles in gene
pools are changed by sexual reproduction.
32. Genetic engineering involves
A.reading a DNA sequence.
B.editing a DNA sequence.
C.reinserting DNA into living
organisms.
D.all of the above
33. The pelvis and femur of the
whale shown in Figure 15-2
A.allow the whale to walk.
B.are vestigial structures.
C.are acquired traits.
D.are not inherited.
34. Natural selection acts directly
on
A.alleles.
B.genes.
C.phenotypes.
D.mutations.
35. The result of genetic drift that
follows the colonization of a new
habitat by a few individuals is
called
A.the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
B.the founder effect.
C.selection on single-gene traits.
D.selection on polygenic traits.
36. Genetic drift tends to occur
A.in very large populations.
B.in small populations.
C.only in new species.
D.following stabilizing selection.
37. An analysis of derived
characters is used to generate a
a.family tree based on only
external appearance.
B.family tree based on only DNA
structure.
C.cladogram.
D.traditional classification system.
39. The process by which organ
systems maintain a controlled,
stable, internal environment is
called
A.circulation.
B.organization.
C.homeostasis.
D.teamwork.
39 An immune response is
triggered by a(an) (B2.6a)
A.antibiotic.
B.antibody.
C.antigen.
D.histamine.
40. Homologies are similarities of
structure that indicate
A.common physical characteristics.
B.diversity.
C.related ancestry.
D.similar biochemistry.
41. Cytoplasmic inheritance refers
to
A.genetics of certain organelles.
B.the reproduction of
chromosomes in the nucleus.
C.paternal inheritance.
D.introns.
42. This process noticeably begins
at the gastrula stage.
a.cell division
b.cell differentiation
c.cell fertilization
d.cell activation
43. Barbara McClintock’s
observations of streaking in corn
plants led to her theory of
A.imprinting.
B.Zea mays.
C.transposable elements.
D.repression.
44. Proteins are an excellent mechanism by
which genetic information is expressed because
unlike sugars, lipids, and nucleotides, proteins
A.can be metabolized to make energy that will
be used throughout the body.
B.can be structural or catalytic molecules or may
be involved in cell-cell communication.
C.are easily transported in the body.
D.can replicate themselves.
45. What happens during gamete
formation?
A.a change from diploid to haploid
B.a change from haploid to diploid
C.no change in chromosome
number
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The movement of water through xylem tissue
A. is all passive transport.
B. requires active transport.
C. depends on the amount of minerals
dissolved.
• D. cannot be explained by scientists at the
present time.
• The heart and blood vessels form from this
(these) tissue layer(s).
• A. ectoderm
• B. endoderm
• C. mesoderm
• D. all three layers
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A sensory receptor is made of
A. one nerve cell.
B. one nerve cell and one motor cell.
C. one or more nerve cells.
D. one or more motor cells.
• The peculiarity found in the reproduction of
flowering plants that does not occur in animal
reproduction is
• A. meiosis.
• B. double fertilization.
• C. crossing over.
• D. union of ova and sperm.
• This process noticeably begins at the gastrula
stage.
• A. cell division
• B. cell differentiation
• C. cell fertilization
• D. cell activation
• Sequencing of DNA involves the following
approach:
• A. first determining the amino-acid sequence
of proteins encoded in the genes.
• B. sequencing whole chromosomes in one
long continuous piece.
• C. using enzymes to cut long pieces of DNA
into smaller fragments.
• D. all of the above.
• The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) involves
• A. large volumes of liquids and samples.
• B. small volumes of liquids and tiny amounts
of DNA.
• C. analysis of several kinds of proteins.
• D. enzymes that function only at low
temperatures.
• Vascular plants transport water to their leaves
using all of the following except
• A. phloem cells.
• B. tracheids.
• C. root pressure.
• D. cohesion-tension.